Bacteriology

Question 1

Gram positive cocci except

Answer 1

Nisseria
Moraxella
Vionella

Question 2

Alpha, beta and gamma hemolysis—
Type of hemolysis and halo color formed

Answer 2

Alpha - partial and green halo
Beta- complete and colorless halo
Gamma- no hemolysis and no color

Question 3

Catalase positive and negative bacteria

Answer 3

Positive- staphylococcus
Neg- strept

Question 4

Coagulase test positive and negative bacteria?

Answer 4

Positive- S. Aureus
Neg- CONS

Question 5

Novobiocin sensitive and resistant bacteria?

Answer 5

Resistant - staph saprophyticus
Sensitive- staph epidermidis

Question 6

S aureus and s epidermidis differentiating screening procedure

Answer 6

Phosphatase rxn
S aureus - pink in this

Question 7

M/c cause of pus Formn in human body

Answer 7

Staphylococcus

Question 8

Staph discovered by

Answer 8

Alexander

Question 9

Wet prepn examples-

Answer 9

Hanging drop technique
Dark field microscopy

Question 10

Which bacteria is seen in dark field microscopy

Answer 10

Spirochetes

Question 11

Wet prepn adv?

Answer 11

Motility of bacteria is seen

Question 12

Contrast study or stain prepn
Examples and adv

Answer 12

4 stain tech
Adv - 1 morphology of bacteria seen
2 colony formn

Question 13

4 types of staining tech and examples

Answer 13

Simple stain - methylene blue and crystal violet
Impregnating stain- silver staining
Neg stain- Indiana ink and negrosin
Differential stain- gram staining

Question 14

Gram staining was discovered by

Answer 14

Christian gram

Question 15

Colors of gram staining and its diagnosis

Answer 15

Purple - gram positive
Red - gram negative

Question 16

Cause of positive gram staining in bacteria

Answer 16

Peptidoglycan

Question 17

ZN staining colors and diagnosis

Answer 17

Red - acid fast bacteria
Blue/ green- non acid fast bacteria

Question 18

Cause for color in zn staining

Answer 18

Mycolic acid

Question 19

Steps in gram staining and zn staining

Answer 19

Gram staining- Zn staining
1st - crystal violet. Carbol fuschin
Fixer- iodine. Heat
Decolorizer- acetone/alcohol. H2so4

2nd stain- carbol fuschin or saffranin Malachite green/ methylene blue- zn stain

Question 20

Strong acid fast bacteria example
Weak acid fast

Answer 20

Strong - m. Tb
Weak- nocardia and muco leprae

Question 21

Parts of bacterial growth curve

Answer 21

Lag
Log
Stationary
Death

Question 22

Increase in enzymes is seen in which part of curve

Answer 22

Lag phase

Question 23

Bacterial cell adaptation is seen in which phase

Answer 23

Lag phase

Question 24

Cell division of bacteria is seen in which phase

Answer 24

Log

Question 25

Maximum no of bacteria is seen in which phase

Answer 25

End of lag phase

Question 26

Which phase shows more susceptibility to antibiotics

Answer 26

Log phase

Question 27

AMA’s should be used in which phase

Answer 27

Log phase

Question 28

Size of bacteria increases or decreases in log phase

Answer 28

Decreases

Question 29

Why is there a stationary phase

Answer 29

No of dead bacteria =no of viable bacteria

Question 30

Reason for stagnation growth

Answer 30

Due to low availability of nutrients

Question 31

Phenomenon which occur in stationary phase

Answer 31

Sporulation exotoxin production

Question 32

Which bacteria’s have capsules

Answer 32

Ye yersinia P pseudomonas A anthrax K klebsiella I h influenza M meningococci C cryptococcus B bordetella C clostridium Va vibrio parahemolyticus

Question 33

Main function of capsule

Answer 33

Antiphagocytic Virulence Biofilm formation

Question 34

All bacteria capsule are made of what

Answer 34

Polysaccharide

Question 35

B anthrax capsule is made of

Answer 35

Polypeptide

Question 36

Capsular demonstration

Answer 36

Quellung rxn- cap qb protein Macfyden rxns- seen in b anthrax

Question 37

Examples of bacteria w spore

Answer 37

B - b anthrax S - sporosarcina C - clostridium Chemistry - coxiella burnetti

Question 38

Types of flagella in bacteria

Answer 38

Polar and peritrichous

Question 39

Polar flagella examples

Answer 39

V vibrio L legionella C campylobacter H h pylori P pseudomonas S spirochetes

Question 40

Peritrichous flagella examples

Answer 40

C clostridium B bacillus except anthrax S salmonella E e coli Padh proteus Le leisteria

Question 41

All bacilli are gram neg except

Answer 41

A actinomycetes B bacillus anthrax C clostridium D diphtheria L listeria M mycobacterium N nocardia