Bacteriology Exam 2 Material Flashcards by Chris Bessette

What genus most closely fits the description “large Gram-positive rods, spore forming, anaerobic, causes several life- threatening diseases of animals and man, commonly by the production of powerful exotoxins”?

a. Actinomyces
b. Arcanobacterium
c. Bacillus
d. Clostridium
e. Corynebacterium

d. Clostridium

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T/F: In order to produce enterotoxigenic diarrhea, E. coli must have either adhesins or enterotoxins

False.

In order to produce enterotoxigenic diarrhea, E. coli must have BOTH adhesins AND enterotoxins

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What is the classic source of infection for Listeria?

contaminated silages

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A pig (named Chris P. Bacon) presents to your clinic in severe respiratory distress… You kill him. Upon necropsy, you observe focal areas of necrotizing pneumonia in the dorsal and caudal portions of the lungs. Which bacterial organism should you have at the top of your differential list?

Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae

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Lethal toxin, produced by Bacillus antracis, is composed of __________ and __________.

Lethal toxin, produced by Bacillus antracis, is composed of protective antigen (PA) and lethal factor (LF).

PA is responsible for binding to host cells

LF is responsible for toxic activity (macrophages)

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Which bacterial organism is known to cause Glässer’s diseases (polyserositis)

Haemophilus parasuis

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T/F: All *Actinobacillus *spp. grow on MacConkey agar

False

Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae does not grow on MacConkey agar

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This vegetative endocarditis of the right atrioventricular valve of a heifer was caused by which bacterial organism?

Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae

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Which two organisms that we’ve discussed show **bipolar staining coccobacilli **upon Gram stain?

*Pasteurella *and Yersinia

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Which *Mycobacterium *spp grows at a higher temperature than the others? (~43°C)

Mycobacterium avium

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T/F: Rhodococcus spp. contain mycolic acid

True

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T/F: Animals who survive ascending tetanus acquire immunity from the disease

False.

Survivors are susceptible to re-infection; Not enough toxin present to induce a strong immune-response (neutralizing antibodies)

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What is the most common and most important bacterial cause of pyometra in dogs?

E. coli

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Which bacterial organism is known to express Lipo-oligosaccharides (LOS)?

Histophilus somni

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Does Yersinia ruckeri cause disease in freshwater or saltwater fish?

Yersinia ruckeri causes Enteric Redmouth in TROUT

Trout are freshwater fish

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Bovine Thrombotic Meningoencephalitis is caused by which bacterial organism?

Histophilus somni

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What is the main virulence factor for Listeria?

Listeriolysin O (LLO)

It is a pore-forming cytolysin

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T/F: Necropsy of animals suspected of carrying anthrax is required.

False.

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T/F: Adhesins associated with Clostridium difficile function in adhesion to target cells in the small intestine

False.

Adhesion to target cells in the large intestine

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Which Salmonella Pathogenicity Island (SPI) promotes survival in macrophages?

Salmonella Pathogenicity Island 2 (SPI-2)

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When a blood smear containing Bacillus anthracis is stained with McFadyean’s Methylene Blue stain, what color do the bacterial capsules stain?

pink

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How are humans infected with P. multocida?

Wound infection (bites and scratches)

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Circling Disease

(Cattle: Encephalitis, depression, anorexia, unilateral facial paralysis, bilateral keratoconjunctivitis)

Listeria

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**Attaching and effacing lesions **are hallmarks of which disease(s)?

Enteropathogenic and enterohemorrhagic E. coli

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T/F: Shigella is characterized by the presence of a capsule and flagella

**Hell no.** No capsule, no flagella

*Listeria* spp. are motile at what temperature?

25°C

T/F: *Yersinia pestis* is usually more prevalent in colder months

**False** *Y. pestis *is more prevalent during warmer months

T/F: *Mannhaemia, Bibersteinia, *and *Pasteurella* all exhibit growth on MacConkey Agar

**False** *Pasteurella *typically does not grow on MacConkey

All except one of the following virulence determinants can occur in Gram-positive bacteria. Which is the exception? * a. capsule * b. endotoxin * c. exotoxin * d. hyaluronidase * e. survival in phagocytes

b. endotoxin

Is the organism that causes **s****trawberry footrot** in sheep Gram-positive or Gram-negative?

***Dermatophilus congolensis** *is the organism responsible for _strawberry footrot_** **in sheep. It is **Gram-positive!!**

Which viral infection is typical to be seen concurrent to **Shipping Fever**?

Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis (IBR)

T/F: *Rhodococcus equi* can cause pneumonia in immunocompromised humans

True

This **cutaneous tuberculosis** on the thumb of a veterinary surgeon was caused by *which bacterial organism*?

*Mycobacterium bovis*

Death associated with **botulism** is usually a result of:

**respiratory failure** botulism neurotoxin (BoNT) affecting respiratory muscles, resulting in flaccid paralysis and inability to breathe

In an outbreak of Swine Erysipelas any or all of the following clinical manifestations may be seen, except: * acute septicemia * chronic arthritis * urticaria (diamond skin) * meningitis (circling) * vegetative endocarditis

**meningitis (circling)** Circling diseases are caused by *Listeria*

T/F: *Yersinia pseudotuberculosis* is usually more prevalent in colder months

**True**

Which bacterial organism(s) that we've discussed exhibit(s) **satellitism** on blood agar?

*Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae* and *Haemophilus parasuis*

T/F: *Avibacterium paragallinarum, Haemophilus parasuis, H. influenzae,* and *Histophilus somni* all produce a capsule

**False** ***Histophilus somni *does _not_ produce a capsule**

When a blood smear containing *Bacillus anthracis* is stained with McFadyean's methylene blue stain, what color do the bacterial capsules stain?

**pink**

*Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae* is most commonly seen in what species?

Swine

Which animal is exceptionally susceptible to *Listeria septicemia*?

**Chinchillas**

Regarding Salmonella in human food products: Which serotype are we likely to find in poultry meat/eggs?

**Enteritidis**

What is the most likely natural habitat for *Listeria*?

decomposing plant matter

What is the action of Yersinia murine toxin (Ymt) in the midgut of the flea?

Ymt enhances bacterial colonization in the midgut of the flea and acts as protection from digestive enzymes

Which *Salmonella* Pathogenicity Island (SPI) is responsible for forming a Salmonella-containing vacuole (SCV) after lysosomal fusion?

Salmonella Pathogenicity Island 2 (SPI-2)

Name the commensal diptheroid organism in preputial mucosa of boars that is responsible for a pathogenesis similar to bovine pyelonephritis

*Actinobaculum suis*

Which *Salmonella* Pathogenicity Island (SPI) is responsible for the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines from enterocytes and macrophages? What are those respective pro-inflammatory cytokines?

***Salmonella* Pathogenicity Island 1 (SPI-1)** Enterocytes: IL-8 Macrophages: IL-1β and IL-18

Which *Yersinia* spp. is endemic in Western North America, southern Asia, southern and western Africa, and north-central South America?

*Yersinia pestis* usually in **warmer months**

**Leukotoxin** is found in which bacterial organism(s)?

*Mannheimia* spp. and *Bibersteinia* *trehalosi*

What is the leading cause of wound infections of farm animals?

Clostridium septicum

Swollen snood in turkeys is pathognomonic for which bacteria?

*Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae*

**Lethal toxin (LeTx)** and **edema toxin (EdTx)**, produced by *Bacillus anthracis*, are both under control of which regulatory protein?

**Anthrax toxin Activator (AtxA)**

Name the reportable disease in cattle caused by *Trueperella pyogenes*

**Summer mastitis**

Atrophic Rhinitis in Swine is caused by which bacterial organism(s)?

***P. multocida* capsule type D** or ***Bordetella bronchiseptica***

Sleepy Foal Disease is caused by which bacterial organism?

***Actinobacillus equuli*** **subsp. *equuli***

What are the predominant *Salmonella *serotypes in pigs?

**Typhimurium, Choleraesuis, Abortus-suis** Beware: Salmonella in swine may present similar to Classical Swine Fever (Hog Cholera)

**Lumpy jaw in cats** is caused by *which bacterial organism*?

***Nocardia cyriacigeorgica***

**Nagler's Reaction** detects ____________ activity

lecithinase

If you see a cow with a tendency to circle in one direction, this could be indicative of *which bacterial organism*?

Listeria

Which of the following laboratory test would you use to distinguish definitively between *Staphylococcus aureus* and *Streptococcus dysgalactiae*? * a. CAMP test * b. catalase * c. motility * d. oxidase * e. urease

catalase

I assumed this monkey got into a bar fight. He did not. His eyelid is a positive result for *which test*?

Tuberculosis skin test

Name the pore-forming exotoxin associated with *Trueperella pyogenes*

**Pyolysin O**

Which bacteria causes an occupational disease in humans called “Fish Handler's Disease”?

*Mycobacterium*

Johne's Disease (Cattle: Chronic wasting disease, normal appetite and temperature) Name the bacteria responsible

*Mycobacterium avium* subspecies *paratuberculosis*

Are the majority of *Pasteurellaceae* organisms oxidase-positive or oxidase-negative?

**oxidase-positive** \*\*this is different from Enterbacteraciae\*\*

**Paratyphoid*** *in poultry is cause by which serotypes of *Salmonella*?

**motile serotypes **(any serotype _except_ Gallinarum or Pullorum)

Does the term **spastic paralysis **more appropriately belong with **botulism** or **tetanus**?

**Tetanus**

Referring to the TSI slant in the image for *Salmonella,* what does the black portion of the slant suggest?

*Salmonella* produces H₂S

T/F: *Yersinia pseudotuberculosis *is mainly transmitted fecal-oral

**True**

**Infectious Coryza **in poultry is caused by which bacterial organism?

*Avibacterium paragallinarum *

This microscopic presentation using a **Giemsa stain** is very characteristic of which organism?

*Dermatophilus congolensis*

Are *Mycobacterium* acid-fast organisms or non-acid fast organisms?

**Acid-fast**

Where (on the host) is *Trueperella pyogenes* usually found?

mucous membranes

Respiratory tract conditions (snuffles) in rabbits are usually caused by which bacterial organism?

*P. multocida* type A

**Fowl cholera **is a systemic infection acquired by ingestion/inhalation of *which bacterial species*?

*P. multocida* capsule type A and F

T/F: *Nocardia *and *Actinomyces *are both Acid-Fast organisms

**False** * Actinomyces* is an acid fast organism * Nocardia* is NOT

This enzyme, present in Staphylococcus, binds to prothrombin in plasma, causing activation of thrombin, which converts fibrinogen into fibrin to form a clot:

Coagulase

T/F: *Trueperella* spp. contain **mycolic acids**

False.

T/F: Actinomyces lignieresii is responsible for **Wooden Tongue** in cattle

**False.** ***Actino**_bacillus_** lignieresii*** is responsible for Wooden Tongue in cattle Sometimes confused with actinomycosis, but actinomycosis is found in bone, and actinobacillosis affects soft tissues

**Yersinia stable toxin (Yst)** is unique to which spp of *Yersinia*?

***Yersinia enterocolitica***

The release of *which neurotransmitter* is blocked in the case of **botulism**

Acetylcholine

Is *Listeria *CAMP-positive or CAMP-negative?

***Listeria* is CAMP Positive**

T/F: *Listeria* is CAMP Test [+] and can be grown at cold temperatures.

True

Salmonella Pathogenicity Island 1 (SPI-1) promotes invasion of:

enterocytes

T/F: *E. coli* is the most common organism comprising the normal flora of the GI tract

**False**. *E. coli* is the most common _facultative anaerobe_ comprising the normal flora of the GI tract, *but not the most common organism*

Bacterial organism responsible for **lumpy wool** in sheep?

*Dermatophilus congolensis*

What type of hemolysis is produced by *Trueperella pyogenes* on blood agar?

beta-hemolysis

Name the important protein in Listeria for intracellular movement by actin polymerization

**ActA**

How is *Salmonella *primarily transmitted?

Fecal-oral

T/F: 'Poll Evil' and 'Fistulous Withers' usually contain *Actinomyces* and other bacteria

**True**

Atrophic Rhinitis in swine is mostly attributable to which toxin?

**Dermonecrotic toxin**

What is the predominant serotype of *Salmonella* in sheep/goats?

Abortus-ovis

T/F: Arcanobacterium is a normal inhabitant of the mucous membranes of respiratory, GI, and genital tracts.

True

Of *Nocardia *spp. and *Actinomyces* spp., which has a higher tendency for vascular dissemination?

***Nocardia* spp.** Actinomyces has very little tendency for vascular dissemination

All of the following bacteria (except one) are good examples of **pyogenic organisms**. Which is the _exception_? * *Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis* * *Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae* * *Staphylococcus aureus* * *Streptococcus equi* subsp.* zooepidemicus* * *Aracanobacterium pyogenes*

***Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae***

T/F: *Actinomyces* spp. evoke pyogranulomatous reactions

True

What is the etiologic agent of Johne's disease in ruminants?

*Mycobacterium avium* subsp *paratuberculosis*

Which bacteria is responsible for producing an emphysematous necrotizing myositis in cattle (**Black Leg**)?

*Clostridium chauvoei*

T/F: The **badger** is considered an important reservoir for animal tuberculosis in europe

**True**

What is the only accepted form of diagnostic confirmation for **botulism**

Toxin is extracted from material and injected into guinea pigs or mice Yep, f\*\*\*ed up

Bacterial organism responsible for **exudative epidermitis **in livestock?

*Dermatophilus congolensis *

For which of the following bacteria would you use a Ziehl-Neelsen stain in order to demonstrate its presence in ulcerating cutaneous nodules in a cat? * a. Actinomyces viscosus * b. Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis * c. Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae * d. Mycobacterium lepraemurium * e. Staphylococcus intermedius

d. Mycobacterium lepraemurium

Lumpy Jaw (Cattle: Osteomyelitis) Which bacteria is responsible?

*Actinomyces*

**"New Duck Disease,"** a severe polyserositic disease in ducklings, is caused by *which bacterial organism*?

*Riemerella anatipestifer *

The image is an example of **satellitism** on blood agar. Which bacterial organism is the 'nurse' on this plate?

***Staphylococcus aureus*** *Staphylococcus aureus* produces the NAD that is necessary for growth of *Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae* on blood agar

What is the most common *Nocardia *spp?

*Nocardia asteroides*

The only pathogenic species of *Rhodococcus* is:

*Rhodococcus equi*

How do humans typically contract *Yersinia*?

**MOTHER F\*\*\*ING CATS** Usually by cuts, bites, and scratches from cats. Can also be airborne, flea-borne, or ingestion of infected meat or necropsy exposure

T/F: Cold enrichment may be used to help growth of *Listeria* on blood agar

**True**

Which *Salmonella* serotype is responsible for Typhoid fever in humans?

Typhi (or paratyphi)

Hemorrhagic inflammation or perioral area of freshwater fish (especially rainbow trout), termed "**Enteric Redmouth"** is attributable to *which bacterial organism?*

*Yersinia ruckeri*

Does *Salmonella* ferment lactose? How would *Salmonella* look on MacConkey Agar?

***Salmonella*** **is a non-lactose fermenter.** It _does_ grow on MacConkey, but the colonies will be yellow-ish... NOT PINK

Which of the following is NOT a virulence factor of *E**rysipelothrix*? * Surface proteins * Neuraminidase * Capsule * Peptidoglycan * All of the above are virulence factors for *Erysilopilothrix*

All of the above are virulence factors for *Erysipelothrix*

Which of the following is the etiologic agent of “lumpy jaw”? * Nocardia asteroides * Erysilopilothrix * Mycobacterium avium * Actinomyces bovis

*Actinomyces bovis*

*Rhodococcus equi* is a facultative intracellular pathogen of _which cells_?

macrophages

The release of *which neurotransmitter* is blocked in the case of **tetanus**

GABA

Bacterial organism that's (mainly) responsible for **Marie's diseases:**

*Mycobacterium bovis*

Name the surface proteins of *Listeria* important for inducing phagocytosis and for adhesion and entry into target cells

Internalins

**Glasser's disease **in pigs is caused by:

*Haemophilus parasuis*

Which serotype of *Salmonella *is most common in sheep?

Typhimurium

Most *Clostridium *spp are motile and have _what type of flagella_?

Peritrichous flagella

**Diamond Skin Disease** (Pigs: Red to purple rhomboid shaped skin lesions that can necrose) Name the bacteria responsible

*Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae*

**Strychnine poisoning** would be a great differential diagnosis for *which disease?*

Descending tetanus

Regarding *Bacillus *spp, what is the Bacillus capsule composed of?

**D-glutamyl polypeptide **

Fowl Typhoid is caused by which serotype(s) of *Salmonella*?

**Gallinarum**

*Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae* most commonly occurs in which species?

Swine

The diamond pattern seen on the skin of this pig are classic examples of skin lesions associated with *which bacterial organism*?

***Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae*** Lesions may be the result of deposition of antigen-antibody complexes in the subcutaneous vasculature with subsequent thrombus formation

Which species of *Shigella* produces **Shiga toxin**?

***Shigella dysenteriae***

Regarding *Salmonella *in human food products: Which serotype are we likely to find in milk?

**Dublin**

Where is *Actinomyces* spp. found?

oral mucous membranes, teeth, MM of urogenital & GI tracts

Which organism should be on the top of your differential list for **shipping fever**?

***Mannhaemia haemolytica***

T/F: Lipid A is an important virulence factor for***Yersinia pestis*** and ***Yersinia pseudotuberculosis* **

**False.** Lipid A is an important virulence factor for *Y. pseudotuberculosis, *but *Y. pestis* lacks Lipid A

What is the most common sign of snuffles in rabbits?

Nasal discharge

What is the predominant animal pathogen in the genus *Trueperella*?

*Trueperella pyogenes*

Which cellular product of *Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae* is responsible for bacterial attachment and invasion into cells?

**Neuraminidase**

Causative agents of "**footrot**":

*Dichelobacter nodosus* and *Fusobacterium necrophorum*

Causative agent of **blue bag**:

*M. haemolytica* and *B. trehalosi*

Bacteriology Exam 2 Material Flashcards

(137 cards)