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Bacteriology Gram Negative Flashcards

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1
Q

What bacteria are gram negative enterobacterales rods?

A

E. coli
Salmonella
Yersinia
Klebsiella pneumonia
Proteus

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2
Q

What bacteria are gram negative pasteurella rods?

A

Pasteurella
Mannheimia
Actinobacillus
Histophilus/Glaess/Avi

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3
Q

What are the shared features of enterobacterales?

A

Gram negative rods
Facultative anaerobic
Oxidase negative
Flagella
grows on blood agar and MacConkey’s agar+/- fermentation

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4
Q

Should you see gram negative cocci?

A

No, because there aren’t any gram negative cocci that are important in veterinary medicine

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5
Q

What do entereobacterales look like on a blood agar plate?

A

Grey colonies

Proteus swarms the plate

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6
Q

What are the lactose fermenting bacteria within enterobacterales?

A

Escherichia
Klebsiella

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7
Q

What are the non lactose fermenting bacteria within enterobacterales?

A

Proteus
Salmonella
Yersinia

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8
Q

What are the most pathogenic enterobacterales?

A

E.coli
Salmonella
Yersinia spp.

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9
Q

What are the mildly pathogenic enterobacterales?

A

Klebsiella pneumoniae
Proteus spp

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10
Q

What are the least pathogenic enterobacterales?

A

Enterobacter, serratia

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11
Q

Where does E.coli come from?

A

Normal flora of most animals
Lower ileum & large intestine
One of the first bacteria that colonize neonatal GIT within hours of birth

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12
Q

Dose E. coli survive well in the environment?

A

Yes

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13
Q

How does E.coli get transmitted

A

Fecal-oral
Inhalation
Direct inoculation
Ascending infections

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14
Q

What are common ascending infections associated with E. Coli?

A

Cystitis
Pyometra
Transient in urogenital tract

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15
Q

Is E. Coli a virulent bacteria?

A

Some of the strains are relatively virulent and some are pretty harmless

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16
Q

What influences the virulence factors of E. coli?

A

The different sites have different virulence factors

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17
Q

What are some virulence factors that some E. coli have?

A

Attachment
Avoidance of phagocytosis
Cellular effects (physiological or toxicity)
Systemic effects

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18
Q

What virulence factors do non-enteric E. coli infections have?

A

Fimbriae (pili) or dhesion
Capsules
Hemolysis & cytotoxic necrotizing factors
Endotoxins

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19
Q

What specific diseases does E. coli cause?

A

Sepsis in neonates
Pyometra
Cystitis
Endocarditis

Just about anything really

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20
Q

How do we diagnose E. Coli infections?

A

Collected from sterile site using the 4 point rule

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21
Q

How do you treat Enterobacterales non-enteric infections?

A

Need to do susceptibility testing because they are not predictably susceptible

Surgery/drainage/debridement

Fluid therapy

Anti-endotoxin therapies

Find the source of how patient got infected in the first place

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22
Q

Where does salmonella come from?

A

Not part of normal flora
Carrier animals with it in GIT
Survive for a long time in the environment

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23
Q

What are the two main strains of salmonella?how is salmonella transmitted?

A

Salmonella enterica
Salmonella bongeri

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24
Q

how is salmonella transmitted?

A

Fecal oral transmission from Carrier animal (reptiles, cattle, horses)

Recrudescence of infection in carrier animals

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25
How does salmonella cause disease?
Facultative intracellular parasites & live in macrophages
26
What are the 3 main clinical syndromes salmonella cause?
Enteritis in horses and cattle Septicemia with localization (lungs, joints, kidneys, hearts, & spleen) Carrier state (she’s in feces intermittently)
27
How do we diagnose salmonella
Isolate from sterile site Use 4 point rule
28
Where does Yersinia pestis come from?
Yersinia lives in fleas which can be infested by mice and then eaten by cats and then get near us
29
Why is Yersinia pestis so important?
ZOONOTIC
30
How does Yersinia cause disease
Facultative intracellular parasites & live in macrophages
31
What specific disease does Yersinia cause
Y. pestis Y. pseudotuberculosis
32
What are the characteristics of Y. pestis?
Non-enteric Most virulent of the Yersinia Plague (Black Death) in humans & cats
33
What are the different forms of Y. Pestis and what do they normally infect
Bubonic—lymph nodes Pneumonic—lungs Septicemia—
34
How do you diagnose Y. Pestis infections?
Use extreme caution Send aspirates of pus, blood, and lymph nodes to specialized lab Notify pUblic health PCR & culture
35
How do you treat Y. pestis?
Euthanasia Isolate from cat & treat for flea immediately Antibiotics Lance and flush infected lymph nodes
36
What is the most commonly isolated from Klebsiella infections in animals?
K. pneumoniae
37
Where does Klebsiella come from?
Normal fecal flora sprophyte They love sawdust
38
What diseases does Klebsiella cause
Pneumonia Cycstitis Mastitis Endometritis Navel ill Nosocomial infections
39
What their bacteria is Klebsiella similar to as far as what diseases it causes?
E. coli
40
Where does proteus come from?
Normal fecal flora Likes moist environments= saprophytes
41
What diseases does proteus cause?
Cystitis Otitis externa Prostatis Wound infections
42
What characteristics does proteus have on a blood agar plate?
It swarms the whole plate
43
What bacteria are part of the pasteurella?
Pasteurella Mannheimia Actinobacillus Histophilus/glaess/Avi
44
What are the gram stain characteristics of pasteurellaceae?
Long rods Pink to red in color No branching
45
What are the shared characteristics of pasteurellaceae?
Gram negative rods Facultatively anaerobic Oxidase positive Non-motile Grow on blood agar Do not survive long in environment
46
What pasteurellaceae do not grow on blood agar?
Histophilus, glaeserella, avibacterium & grow on chocolate agar
47
What pasteurellaceae do not grow on MacConkey’s agar?
P. Multi idea, histophilus somni, glaeserella parasitis
48
What is the main species of pasteurellaceae that we will be discussing?
P. multocida
49
Where does pasteurellaceae come from
Normal flora of mucus membranes or mucus membranes of carrier animals & birds Upper respiratory tract Digestive tract Lower genital tract
50
How are pasteurellaceae transmitted?
Inhalation Direct inoculation locally or systemically
51
How do pasteurellaceae cause disease?
Attachment fimbriae or adhesion Capsules Exotoxins Endotoxins
52
How many types of capsules does P. multocida?
5
53
What is the most important virulence factor for pasteurellaceae?
Exotoxins
54
What are the risk factors of pasteurellaceae?
Young animals Co-mingling Overcrowding Viral infections Poor weather
55
What 4 categories do pasteurella multocida?
Pneumonia Rhinitis Bite wounds Septicemia
56
What is the most important disease caused by pasterella and what animals does it affect
Pneumonia Associated with bovine respiratory disease complex or sniping fever Horses, pigs, cattle, small ruminants
57
What is the number 2 disease caused by pasteurella and what species does it affect?
Rhinitis Rabbits and pigs
58
What disease is called snuffles and what species does it affect?
Rhinitis & rabbits
59
What bacteria causes atrophic rhinitis and what species does it affect and what does sit cause?
Pasturella Pigs Destruction of turbinates & conceal bones of the snout
60
What clinical signs will you see with atrophic rhinitis?
Sneezing Epistaxis Facial distortion
61
What bacteria causes cat bite abscesses?
Pasteurella multocida
62
What bacteria causes bovine hemorrhagic septicemia?
P. Multocida associated with B & E capsule strains that are exotic to the US
63
Can pasturella multocida cause septicemia & if so what species?
Yes , birds and cattle
64
What specific diseases do Mannheimia haemolytica?
Pneumonia/bronchopneumonia Necrotizing mastitis Septicemia
65
What diseases does Actinobacillus equuli?
Sleepy foal disease= septicemia Peritonitis in adult horses Pneumonia & pleuropneuminia
66
What diseases does Actinobacillus lignieresii?
Wooden tongue in ruminants which results in pyogranulomatous abcesses
67
What diseases does A. Pleuropneumonia cause and in what species?
Fibrinous pneumonia & pleuritis in pigs Economic importance
68
What diseases does Actinobacillus suits cause and in what species?
Septicemia in young piglets
69
What diseases does Glaeserella parasuis & what species does it effect?
Bronchopneumonia Glasser’s disease septicemia & polyserositis in young pigs
70
What diseases does Histophilus somni & in what species?
Causes thrombotic lesions in cattle & produces disease where it localizes
71
What diseases does Avibacterium paragallinarum and what species does it affects?
Inflammation of turbinates, sinus epithelium and causes sneezing in chickens

DWT Exam 2 (6 decks)

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