BAHALA NA TO Flashcards
(98 cards)
1
Q
Electricity is generated at power plants and moves through a complex system, sometimes called the ____.
A
GRID
2
Q
________ is more efficient and less expensive for long distance electricity transmission.
A
HIGHER VOLTAGE ELECTRICITY
3
Q
________ is safer for use in homes and businesses.
A
LOWER VOLTAGE ELECTRICITY
4
Q
__________ at substations increase (step up) or reduce (step down) voltages to adjust to the different stages of the journey from the power plant on long-distance transmission lines to distribution lines.
A
TRANSFORMERS
5
Q
__________ is the process of converting primary energy sources such as coal, natural gas or wind into electrical power.
A
ELECTRICITY GENERATION
6
Q
___________ is produced when a magnet is moved near a wire to create steady flow of electrons.
A
ELECTRICITY
7
Q
_______________ can be divided into conventional and renewable fuel types.
A
PRIMARY SOURCES OF ENERGY
8
Q
_____ is a black or dark brown rock consisting mainly of carbonized plant matter, found mainly in underground deposits that must be mined.
A
COAL
9
Q
________ is flammable gas that occurs naturally underground.
A
NATURAL GAS
10
Q
In a _________, heat is produced from splitting uranium atoms - a natural process called nuclear fission.
A
NUCLEAR ENERGY FACILITY
11
Q
_________ uses falling water to produce electric power.
A
HYDROELECTRIC POWER
12
Q
__________ derived from organic materials such as scrap wood, crops and some types of waste residues.
A
BIOMASS
13
Q
___________ refers to the different stages of carrying electricity over poles and wires from generators to a home or service.
A
TRANSMISSION AND DISTRIBUTION
14
Q
In the Philippines, the sending and receiving voltage from the Generation that flow in Transmission line is ________
A
350 kV to 500 kV
15
Q
Sub-Transmission line is _________.
A
69 kV - 69kV
16
Q
Common distribution line in three phase ____________.
A
13.2 kV, 13.8 kV, & 230 kV
17
Q
Common distribution line in single phase ____________.
A
7620 V, 60 Hz
18
Q
___________ is the “interstate highway” of electricity delivery.
A
TRANSMISSION
19
Q
Transmission lines, transformers, substations and other equipment have voltages of _______ and above.
A
100 kV
20
Q
This type of wire is used for overhead transmission lines because it sags less under emergency loads.
A
MARTIN 138/230 kV
21
Q
If transmission is the interstate highway of the grid, distribution is the __________.
A
CITY STREET
22
Q
It is the last leg of the delivery of electrical power from generation to the consumer.
A
DISTRIBUTION
23
Q
The purchase and sale of electricity to resellers is done in the _____________.
A
WHOLESALE MARKET
24
Q
The purchase and sale of electricity to consumer is done in the __________.
A
RETAIL MARKET
25
_____________ were created to address ever-increasing electricity prices and to encourage innovation through free-enterprise competition.
ORGANIZED WHOLESALE ELECTRICITY MARKETS
26
The ______________ refers to the buying and selling of power between the generators and resellers.
WHOLESALE MARKET
27
The price for wholesale electricity can be predetermined by a buyer and seller through a ___________.
BILATERAL CONTRACT
28
The clearing price for electricity in the wholesale market is determined by an ___________ in which generation resources offer in a price at which they can supply a specific number of megawatt-hours of power.
AUCTION
29
_____ operates a wholesale electricity market that spans all or part of Delaware, Illinois, Kentucky, Maryland, Michigan, New Jersey, .......
PJM
30
Two wire system, with one wire used as neutral. System commonly used for domestic distribution in most provinces. Supplied via single-phase pole-mounted transformer.
220 V POWER LINE
31
Three cables or bare wires, with one wire serving as neutral. Common in private utility-owned systems.
220/440 V POWER LINE
32
Standard voltage on most single-wire (single-phase) distribution lines, mostly cooperative-owned, but also used by Meralco on some areas.
7.62 kV POWER LINE
33
Standard voltage on two or three-wire distribution lines, mostly cooperative-owned but also used by Meralco on some areas.
13.2 kV POWER LINE
34
Voltage for single-phase primary distribution lines, primarily in residential areas.
20 kV POWER LINE
35
Subtransmission grid voltage.
69 kV POWER LINE
36
Typically sub-transmission voltage, primarily used by Meralco, but also used by NGCP on some transmission lines in Ilocos Region.
115 kV POWER LINE
37
Typically double or single-circuit lines. Conductors are usually double-bundle, but single conductor or quadruple-bundle are also used.
230 kV POWER LINE
38
Used on the Leyte-Luzon high voltage direct current transmission line/underwater cable.
350 kV POWER LINE
39
Voltage for long distance high voltage AC "backbone" lines in Luzon.
500 kV POWER LINE
40
What does NAPOCOR stands for?
NATIONAL POWER CORPORATION
41
What does Transco stands for?
NATIONAL TRANSMISSION CORPORATION
42
What does NGCP stands for?
NATIONAL GRID CORPORATION OF THE PHILIPPINES
43
Transmission line voltage of Batangas II Electric Cooperative.
69 kV
44
The ____ operates the main power grid that carries electricity from power plants to substations, before distribution to electric utility companies.
NGCP
45
NGCP's power grid is divided into three grids, what are these?
LUZON GRID
VISAYAS GRID
MINDANAO GRID
46
__________ is dominant as it is relatively much easier to transmit and distribute than other forms of energy.
ELECTRICAL POWER
47
Classification of Power Distribution System
DC DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM
AC DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM
48
Types of DC Distribution System
UNIPOLAR DC DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM (2-WIRE DC SYSTEM)
BIPOLAR DC DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM (3-WIRE DC SYSTEM)
49
Types of AC Distribution System
RADIAL DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM
RING MAIN DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM
INTER-CONNECTED DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM
50
This system uses two conductors, one is positive and the other one is negative conductor. The energy is transmitted at only one voltage level to all the consumers using this system.
UNIPOLAR DC DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM
51
This is basically a combination of two series connected unipolar DC subsystems. It consists of three conductors, two outer conductors (one positive and the other is negative) and one middle conductor which acts as neutral.
BIPOLAR DC DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM
52
Types of DC Distributors
DISTRIBUTOR FED AT ONE END
DISTRIBUTOR FED AT BOTH ENDS
DISTRIBUTOR FED AT CENTER
RING DISTRIBUTOR
53
In this type, distributor is connected to the supply at one end and loads are tapped at different points along its length.
DISTRIBUTOR FED AT ONE END
54
In this type, the distributor is connected to supply at both ends and voltages at feeding points may or may not be equal.
DISTRIBUTOR FED AT BOTH ENDS
55
In this type, the distributor is supplied at the center point. Voltage drop at the farthest ends is not as large as that would be in a distributor fed at one end.
DISTRIBUTOR FED AT CENTER
56
In this type, the distributor is in the form of a closed ring and fed at one point. This is equivalent to a straight distributor fed at both ends with equal voltages.
RING MAIN DC DISTRIBUTOR
57
A ______is located near or inside city/town/village/industrial area. It receives power from a transmission network.
DISTRIBUTION SUBSTATION
58
What does a power distribution system consists of?
DISTRIBUTION STATION
FEEDERS
DISTRIBUTION TRANSFORMERS
DISTRIBUTOR CONDUCTORS
SERVICE MAINS CONDUCTORS
59
The stepped down voltage from the substation is carried to distribution transformers via feeder conductors.
DISTRIBUTION FEEDERS
60
A distribution transformer transformer is also called as ______.
SERVICE TRANSFORMER
61
Provides final transformation in the electric power distribution system. It is basically a step-down 3-phase transformer (13.2 kV-13.8 kV three phase, 7620 V single phase).
DISTRIBUTION TRANSFORMER
62
Output from a distribution transformer is carried _______.
DISTRIBUTORS
63
It is a small cable which connects the distributor conductor at the nearest pole to the consumer's load.
SERVICE MAINS
64
It is that part of an AC distribution system which operates at somewhat higher voltages than general residential consumer utilization.
PRIMARY DISTRIBUTION
65
This part directly supplies to the residential end consumers.
SECONDARY DISTRIBUTION
66
Types of AC Distribution System
RADIAL SYSTEM
RING MAIN SYSTEM
INTER-CONNECTED SYSTEM
67
In this system separate feeders radiate from a single sub station and feed the distributors at one end only.
RADIAL SYSTEM
68
In this system, the primaries of distribution transformers form a loop.
RING MAIN SYSTEM
69
When the feeder ring is energized by two or more than two generating stations or substation it is called ______ inter connected system.
INTER-CONNECTED SYSTEM
70
Two Main Elements of Electric Power Distribution
RETAIL FUNCTION
DISTRIBUTION FUNCTION
71
An element of electric power distribution that involves buying and selling of electrical energy.
RETAIL FUNCTION
72
An element of electric power distribution that involves transport and dissemination of the power.
DISTRIBUTION FUNCTION
73
What are the main components of an overhead line?
CONDUCTORS
LINE SUPPORTS
INSULATORS
CROSSARMS
74
Carries electric power from the sending end to the receiving end.
CONDUCTOR
75
The supporting structure for overhead line conductors are various types of poles and towers called _______.
LINE SUPPORTS
76
_______ of overhead lines should support to the electrical tower and the essential point is the current from the conductor should not contact the line support which can be able to flow to earth.
INSULATORS
77
Types of insulators in electrical systems
SUPENSION TYPE INSULATORS
SHACKLE TYPE INSULATORS
PIN TYPE INSULATORS
STRAIN TYPE INSULATORS
78
The main purposes of _____________ are to create the line clearance each other and separate each phases of electrical lines.
CROSSARMS
79
Installation cost of a typical 69 kV underground distribution system per mile.
1.5 MILLION DOLLAR
79
Types of Underground Electric Transmission Cables
HIGH PRESSURE, FLUID-FILLED PIPE
HIGH PRESSURE, GAS-FILLED PIPE
SELF-CONTAINED FLUID FILLED
SOLID CABLE, CROSS-LINKED POLYETHYLENE
80
Consists of a steel pipe that contains three high-voltage conductors. Each conductor is made of copper or aluminum; insulated with high-quality, oil-impregnated kraft paper insulation; and covered with metal shielding.
HIGH PRESSURE, FLUID-FILLED PIPE
81
Instead of a dielectric oil, pressurized nitrogen gas is used to insulate the conductors.
HIGH PRESSURE, GAS-FILLED PIPE
82
The __________ of underground transmission is often used for underwater transmission construction. The conductors are hollow and filled with an insulating fluid that is pressurized to 25 to 50 psi. In addition, three cables are independent of each other. They are not placed together in a pipe.
SELF-CONTAINED FLUID FILLED
82
_________ cable has become the national standard for underground electric transmission lines less than 200 kV
XLPE
83
The cross-linked polyethylene (XLPE) underground transmission line is often called ______.
DIELECTRIC CABLE
83
are large concrete boxes buried at regular intervals along the underground construction route.
VAULTS
84
For underground cables less than 345 kV, the connection from overhead to underground lines require the construction of a transition structure, also known as __________.
RISER
85
are placed close to where the underground cable connect to the overhead line to protect the underground cable from nearby lightning strikes.
LIGHTNING ARRESTORS
86
High voltage (345 kV or greater) underground transmission lines require __________ wherever the underground cable connects to overhead transmission.
TRANSITION STATIONS
87
For HPFF systems, a pressurizing plant maintains fluid pressure in the pipe. The number of pressurizing plants depends on the length of the underground lines. It may be located within a substation. It includes a reservoir that holds reserve fluid.
PRESSURIZING SOURCES
88
Similar to overhead transmission construction, underground construction begins by staking the ROW boundaries and marking sensitive resources.
RIGHT-OF-WAY CONSTRUCTION ZONE
89
__________ determined that any current that flows as a result of an induced voltage will flow in a direction to oppose the action that causes the voltage to be induced.
Lenz' law
90
Types of Distribution Transformer Construction
CORE TYPE
SHELL TYPE
91
Distribution transformer with _________ can only be used in grounded wye systems.
SINGLE PRIMARY BUSHING
92
Distribution transformer with ___________ can be used on three-wire delta systems or four-wire systems if they are properly connected.
TWO PRIMARY BUSHING
93
When the current flows in the same direction in two adjacent primary and secondary terminals, the polarity of the transformer is said to be _____________.
SUBTRACTIVE
94
When current flows in opposite directions, the polarity is said to be ____________.
ADDITIVE
95
If greater capacity is desired, two transformers of the same or different kVA ratings may be connected in _____________.
PARALLEL
