Balance

Question 1

What part of the vestibular apparatus is a dynamic labyrinth that monitors head movement?

Answer 1

Semicircular canals

Question 2

What part of the vestibular apparatus is a static labyrinth that monitors head position?

Answer 2

utricle/saccule

Question 3

Which monitors head position in the horizontal plane?

Answer 3

Utricle

Question 4

What monitors head position in the vertical plane?

Answer 4

Saccule

Question 5

What is a jellylike mass studded with tiny CaCO3 stones called otoconia?

Answer 5

Otolithic membrane

Question 6

What is the swollen end of each semicircular duct that contains sensory neuroepithelium that detects head movement?

Answer 6

Pars ampullaris

Question 7

What is gelatinous mass extending across canal at a right angle?

Answer 7

Cupula

Question 8

What is located in the ampulla of each semicircular canal and is the receptor for dynamic equilibrium?

Answer 8

Crista ampullaris

Question 9

What kind of movement does the crista ampullaris respond to?

Answer 9

Angular movements

Question 10

What does directional bending of hair cells in the cristae TOWARD kinocilium cause?

Answer 10

depolarization and increased FOF

Question 11

What does directional bending of hair cells in the cristae AWAY FROM kinocilium cause?

Answer 11

Hyperpolarization and decreased FOF

Question 12

If the head turns right, the Utricopedal (toward utricle) deviation of cupula increases FOF in what canal?

Answer 12

Right horizontal canal

Question 13

If the head turns right, the Utricofugal (away from utricle) deviation of cupula decreases FOF in what canal?

Answer 13

Left horizontal canal

Question 14

What operates to maintain the gaze

of a selected target with head movement?

Answer 14

Vestibulo-Ocular reflex

Question 15

What is known as a slow drift of eyes in one direction with a fast correction in opposite direction?

Answer 15

Nystagmus

Question 16

What type of nystagmus is oculokinetic?

Answer 16

Physiologic nystagmus

Question 17

What type of nystagmus has a lesion in vestibular system?

Answer 17

Peripheral nystagmus

Question 18

What type of nystagmus has a lesion in central vestibular connections or cerebellum and commonly vertical nystagmus?

Answer 18

Central nystagmus

Question 19

What type of nystagmus is the inability to fixate?

Answer 19

Retinal nystagmus

Question 20

What type of nystagmus is moving in same speed in both directions?

Answer 20

Pendular nystagmus

Question 21

What type of nystagmus has a fast phase and slow phase?

Answer 21

Jerk Nystagmus

Question 22

What degree of nystagmus is when looking only in the direction of the fast phase?

Answer 22

1st degree

Question 23

What degree of nystagmus is 1st degree plus nystagmus in neutral gaze?

Answer 23

2nd degree

Question 24

What degree of nystagmus is 1st and 2nd degree plus nystagmus looking in direction of slow phase

Answer 24

3rd degree

Question 25

Where is the lesion to an upbeat vertical nystagmus that is caused by MS, stroke, and/or Wernicke's encephalopathy?

Answer 25

Upper brainstem

Question 26

Where is the lesion to a downbeat vertical nystagmus that is caused by Arnold-Chiari malformation, syringomyelia, and/or platybasia?

Answer 26

Cervicomedullary junction

Question 27

What is known as rapid oscillations of eyes?

Answer 27

Opsoclonus

Question 28

What is known as eyes drift up and down in vertical plane?

Answer 28

Ocular bobbing

Question 29

What is the test called where there is eyes open = no sway; eyes closed = inconsistent sway in all directions ?

Answer 29

Romberg's test

Question 30

Where is the lesion with eyes open = no sway; eyes closed = always swaying to one side (toward the side of the lesion)?

Answer 30

Peripheral vestibular lesion

Question 31

where is the lesion with eyes open = sway; eyes closed = no change in sway?

Answer 31

Cerebellar lesion

Question 32

What is a fatiguing vertigo with that rocks are free of cupula and fall to canal and vertigo goes away after a bit?

Answer 32

Canalishtiasis

Question 33

What is a (non-fatiguing): rocks adhere to the cupula and Px is in a chronic vertiginous state?

Answer 33

Cupulolisthiasis

Question 34

What is a nonspecific term that describes a sensation of altered orientation in space?

Answer 34

Dizziness

Question 35

What kind of attack occurs with prior to a common faint, one experiences sensations of light-headedness, giddiness, nausea, and an abdominal sinking sensation?

Answer 35

Vasovagal attack

Question 36

What syndrome is unilateral and has degenerative changes in cochlea leads to hearing loss, degenerative changes in SCC leads to episodic vertigo, and increased pressure results in tinnitus!

Answer 36

Meniere's syndrome

Question 37

What is an infection of neurons of the inner ear, usually viral, does NOT have hearing loss and typically wakes up in the morning with vertigo?

Answer 37

Vestibular Neuronitis

Question 38

What is an infection of neurons of the inner ear, usually viral, DOES have hearing loss and typically wakes up in the morning with vertigo?

Answer 38

Vestibular Labrynthitis

Question 39

What condition has a long history of hearing loss, Headache occipital, radiating to mastoid or frontal ear, facial weakness, lateral rectus palsy, and parenthesis over the face?

Answer 39

Acoustic neuroma

Question 40

What is one of the most common types of peripheral vertigo arising as a result of debris in the posterior duct; Pt’s complain of vertigo lasting seconds, with no HL, when in certain positions?

Answer 40

BPPV