Balance + Taste

Question 1

What is the vestibular system?

Answer 1

detects balance

Question 2

What part of the ear has to do with balance?

Answer 2

inner ear

Question 3

What are the 3 fluid filled tubes in inner ear part of vestibular system?

Answer 3

Semicircular canals

Question 4

What do the semicircular canals contain?

Answer 4

ampullae

Question 5

What is the enlarged region of the semicircular canal that contains receptor cells (hair cells) of vestibular system?

Answer 5

ampulla

Question 6

True or False: Movement of head in one axis sets of flow of fluid in semicircular canal that is on the same plane, bending stereo cilia in that particular ampulla + signaling brain that the head moved

Answer 6

True

Question 7

What do the utricle and saccule track?

Answer 7

track straight line acceleration and deceleration

Question 8

What do the utricle and saccule each contain?

Answer 8

otolithic membrane that lags slightly when the head moves, causing bending of nearby hair cells

Question 9

What is the gelatinous sheet studded with tiny crystals in the utricle and saccule?

Answer 9

otolithic membrane

Question 10

What is the pathway for the vestibular system? (starts with hair cells)

Answer 10

Hair cells –> vestibular nuclei, cerebellum –> motor nuclei, thalamus, cerebral cortex

Question 11

What is motion sickness?

Answer 11

Experience of nausea brought on by unnatural passive movement like car/boat

Question 12

What are the tiny bumps on surface of tongue that increase surface area and contain most of the taste receptor cells?

Answer 12

papillae

Question 13

What is a taste bud?

Answer 13

cluster of 50-150 taste receptor cells that detect tastes

Question 14

What papillae are towards the back of the tongue?

Answer 14

circumvallate papillae

Question 15

What papillae are towards the center of tongue?

Answer 15

foliate papillae

Question 16

What papillae are towards the front of the tongue?

Answer 16

fungiform papillae

Question 17

What do different types of papillae detect differently?

Answer 17

detect diff kinds of taste more strongly

Question 18

What are the fine fibers that extend from taste receptor cells into a tiny pore?

Answer 18

microvilli

Question 19

What are the substances that can be tasted?

Answer 19

tastants

Question 20

What is the pathway of taste (starts with papillae)?

Answer 20

papillae –> taste bud –> taste cells (microvilli come out of taste cells)

Question 21

How are salty tastes sensed?

Answer 21

ionotropic receptors; Na+ going through sodium ion channels –> depolarization –> Ca+2 enters –> ntrans released

Question 22

How are sour tastes sensed?

Answer 22

ionotropic receptors; H+ released from acids

Question 23

How are sweet tastes sensed?

Answer 23

metabotropic receptors

Question 24

T1R2 and T1R3 receptors are for which taste?

Answer 24

sweet

Question 25

How are bitter tastes sensed?

Answer 25

metabotropic receptors

Question 26

T2R receptor family is for which taste?

Answer 26

bitter

Question 27

Which receptors combine to form umami flavor?

Answer 27

T1R1 and T1R3; metabotropic glutamate receptors

Question 28

What is the system that detects taste?

Answer 28

gustatory system