balanced diet nd stuff

Question 1

What is a balanced diet?

Answer 1

A meal that contains all the necessary nutrients in correct proportions, including carbohydrates, proteins, fats, vitamins, minerals, water, and fibre.

Question 2

Why should men be given more food than women?

Answer 2

Because men generally have a larger body size.

Question 3

Why do young children require more energy than adults?

Answer 3

Because they are still growing, more active, and need extra proteins for new tissue formation, as well as more calcium, iron, and vitamin A for bone formation, red blood cells, and disease resistance.

Question 4

How does occupation affect energy intake?

Answer 4

Energy needs vary based on activity level:
* Sedentary work needs less energy
* Moderately active work needs more energy
* Very active work needs even more energy.

Question 5

What are the increased energy requirements during pregnancy?

Answer 5

Pregnant women require more calcium, proteins, iron, and vitamin D to support the growth of the baby and the mother’s body adjustments.

Question 6

Define lactation.

Answer 6

The production of breast milk for feeding the baby, which requires extra energy and a diet rich in protein, calcium, and vitamins A and D.

Question 7

List the three main classes of food.

Answer 7

• Carbohydrates
• Proteins
• Fats / Oils

Question 8

What are carbohydrates primarily used for?

Answer 8

They are the major energy sources for the body.

Question 9

What are the types of carbohydrates?

Answer 9

• Sugars
• Starch

Question 10

What is the composition of carbohydrates?

Answer 10

They consist of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen only.

Question 11

What are some sources of simple sugars?

Answer 11

Sucrose (table sugar), glucose, and fructose found in fruits and some vegetables.

Question 12

What is the role of fiber in the diet?

Answer 12

Fiber helps to maintain a healthy digestive system.

Question 13

What are proteins needed for?

Answer 13

To replace and repair worn out tissues, manufacture hormones, antibodies, and enzymes.

Question 14

What elements do proteins contain?

Answer 14

Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and sulfur.

Question 15

What are some important sources of animal proteins?

Answer 15

• Meat
• Eggs
• Milk
• Cheese

Question 16

What are the components of fats?

Answer 16

Fats are made up of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen.

Question 17

What is an enzyme?

Answer 17

A protein that functions as a biological catalyst, speeding up chemical reactions without being consumed.

Question 18

What factors affect enzyme activity?

Answer 18

• Temperature
• pH

Question 19

What happens to enzymes at high temperatures?

Answer 19

They become denatured and stop working.

Question 20

What is the optimum condition for enzyme activity?

Answer 20

The specific temperature and pH at which an enzyme works best.

Question 21

What is peristalsis?

Answer 21

A wave of contraction that moves food through the alimentary canal.

Question 22

What is the function of the stomach?

Answer 22

To store food, turn it into a liquid, and release it into the small intestine.

Question 23

What does gastric juice contain?

Answer 23

• Pepsin (enzyme for protein digestion)
• Hydrochloric acid (provides optimum acidity and kills bacteria)

Question 24

What is the role of bile?

Answer 24

To emulsify fats, making them easier to digest.

Question 25

What is the primary site of nutrient absorption?

Answer 25

The ileum.

Question 26

What is assimilation?

Answer 26

The uptake and use of digested food by cells.

Question 27

What happens to glucose during respiration?

Answer 27

It is oxidized to carbon dioxide and water, providing energy for cellular processes.

Question 28

Where is excess glucose stored in the body?

Answer 28

In the liver as glycogen.

Question 29

What is the purpose of the liver in digestion?

Answer 29

To adjust the composition of blood and metabolize nutrients.

Question 30

What is egestion?

Answer 30

The act of expelling undigested food (faeces) from the body.

Question 31

What is the primary function of the liver?

Answer 31

The liver adjusts the composition of the blood before releasing it.

Question 32

What does the liver do with excess glucose after a meal?

Answer 32

Removes excess glucose and stores it as glycogen.

Question 33

How does the liver maintain blood sugar levels between meals?

Answer 33

Converts stored glucose to glycogen and releases it into the bloodstream.

Question 34

What is deamination?

Answer 34

The removal of the amino group from a molecule.

Question 35

What happens to amino acids not needed for making proteins in the liver?

Answer 35

They are converted to glycogen.

Question 36

What is produced from the nitrogen-containing amino part (NH2) of amino acids during deamination?

Answer 36

Urea.

Question 37

What is detoxification?

Answer 37

The removal of toxic substances from a living organism.

Question 38

What happens to poisonous compounds that enter the blood and reach the liver?

Answer 38

They are converted to harmless substances.

Question 39

Where are harmless substances converted by the liver eventually excreted?

Answer 39

In the urine.

Question 40

Fill in the blank: The liver modifies many chemical substances before they are excreted by the _______.

Answer 40

kidneys.

Question 41

True or False: The liver plays no role in glucose metabolism.

Answer 41

False.

Question 42

What color is the liver described as?

Answer 42

Reddish brown.

Question 43

Where does the liver lie in relation to the diaphragm?

Answer 43

Just beneath the diaphragm.

Question 44

What happens to the concentration of sugar in the blood when it starts to fall?

Answer 44

The liver releases glucose into the bloodstream.

Question 45

What organ partially overlaps the stomach?

Answer 45

The liver.