Balancing & Interchange Flashcards
(45 cards)
What does BES stand for?
Bulk Electric System
The electrical generation resources, transmission lines, interconnections, and associated equipment, generally operated at 100 kV or higher.
What is the role of a Reliability Coordinator (RC)?
The entity with the highest level of authority responsible for the reliable operation of the Bulk Electric System.
Define Area Control Error (ACE).
The difference between scheduled and actual electrical generation within a control area, accounting for tie-line flows and frequency bias.
What is a Balancing Authority (BA)?
The entity responsible for integrating resource plans to meet demand in real-time.
What is meant by the term Contingency?
The unexpected failure or outage of a system component, such as a transmission line or generator.
What does the N-1 Criterion state?
The system must be able to withstand the loss of any single element without causing cascading failures.
What is a Remedial Action Scheme (RAS)?
A protection system designed to detect abnormal conditions and automatically take corrective action.
What is the purpose of IRO-001 (Reliability Coordination)?
Establishes the authority of the RC and requires other entities to comply with the RC’s directives.
What does IRO-008 (Operational Reliability Analysis) require?
Requires RCs to perform real-time assessments and ensure that potential reliability issues are addressed.
What is the purpose of TOP-001 (Transmission Operations)?
Ensures that Transmission Operators operate their systems within limits and take corrective actions when necessary.
What does EOP-004 (Event Reporting) require?
Requires prompt reporting of specified events that could impact reliability.
What is the purpose of COM-002 (Communication Protocols)?
Establishes mandatory communications protocols, including the use of three-part communication.
What does EOP-005 (System Restoration) require?
Requires plans and drills for system restoration after a blackout.
Define Tagging (E-Tagging).
The process of electronically scheduling and tracking energy transfers between balancing authorities.
What is an Interchange Schedule?
A planned energy transfer across balancing authority boundaries.
What does Net Scheduled Interchange (NSI) refer to?
The algebraic sum of all interchange schedules with adjacent balancing authorities.
Define Dynamic Schedule.
A real-time measurement-based schedule used when actual generation or load fluctuates.
What is a Purchasing-Selling Entity (PSE)?
The entity that purchases or sells energy and is responsible for the interchange transaction.
What is Inadvertent Interchange?
The unintended deviation in actual net interchange from the scheduled value.
Who is a Transmission Operator (TOP)?
The entity responsible for the real-time operation of the transmission assets.
What is a System Operating Limit (SOL)?
The value (such as voltage, flow, or stability) that cannot be exceeded for a system to remain secure.
Define Interconnection Reliability Operating Limit (IROL).
A system limit that, if violated, could lead to cascading outages or instability.
What does Transfer Capability refer to?
The maximum power that can be reliably transferred between areas under specified conditions.
What is Congestion Management?
The process of alleviating transmission overloads while maintaining system reliability.
