BALLINGER - 1 Flashcards
(124 cards)
1
Q
The process of killing only those microorganisms that are pathogenic
A
Disinfection
2
Q
This inhibits the growth without necessary killing pathogenic microorganisms
A
Antiseptics
3
Q
Destruction of all microorganisms
A
STERILIZATION
4
Q
The 3 types of muscular tissue
A
- SMOOTH
- CARDIAC
- STRIATED
5
Q
Involuntary or voluntary:
Smooth
A
INVOLUNTARY
6
Q
Involuntary or voluntary:
Cardiac
A
INVOLUNTARY
7
Q
Involuntary or voluntary:
Striated
A
VOLUNTARY
8
Q
The rhythmic action of muscular tissue of alimentary tract
A
PERISTALSIS
9
Q
Where is peristalsis more active?
A
STOMACH
10
Q
How many waves per minute is peristalsis in stomach
A
3/4 WAVES PER-MINUTE
11
Q
Heart is what kind of muscle
A
CARDIAC
12
Q
Involuntary motion is caused by
A
- SPASM
- TREMOR
- CHILLS
- PERISTALSIS
- PAIN
- HEART PULSATION
13
Q
Skeletal muscles are composed of which kind of muscles
A
STRIATED MUSCULAR TISSUE
14
Q
What should be done to compensate for magnification
A
INCREASE SID
15
Q
1 inch is equals to how many centimeters
A
2.54 CENTIMETERS
16
Q
How many inch in one cm
A
0.3937 INCH
17
Q
Principal beam of rays
A
CENTRAL RAY
18
Q
Increase SID = Magnified
A
DECREASE
19
Q
Decrease magnification = __ record detail
A
Increase
20
Q
Increased SID = ___ longer exposure
A
INCREASE
21
Q
SSD shall not be less than ____ inches and should not be less than ____ inches
A
12 ; 15
22
Q
Increased collimation =
___ px dose
___ scattered radiation
___ recorded detail
___ radiographic contrast
___ scale contrast
A
DECREASED PX DOSE
DECREASED SCATTERED RADIATION
INCREASED RECORDED
INCREASED RADIOGRAPHIC CONTRAST
SHORTER SCALE CONTRAST
23
Q
When and who discovered x-rays?
A
NOVEMBER 1895 ; WILHELM CONRAD ROENTGEN
24
Q
When did Roentgen get a Nobel Prize in Physics
A
1901
25
X-rays first fatality
CHARLES T. DALLY
26
When did Clarence Dally died
1904
27
Who developed fluoroscope and discovered calcium tungstate?
THOMAS EDISON
28
In how many rad is death
200 rad
29
In how many rad is hematologic depression
25 rad
30
What is the min. dose in rad for skin erythema?
200 RAD
31
What is the min. dose in rad for epilation
300 RAD
32
What is the min. dose in rad for Chromosome Aberration
5 RAD IN WHOLE BODY
33
What is the min. dose in rad for gonadal dysfunction?
10 RAD IN LOCAL TISSUE
34
Deterministic:
Linear or Non linear
Threshold or Non threshold
NON LINEAR THRESHOLD
35
Deterministic:
Linear or Non linear
Threshold or Non threshold
NON LINEAR THRESHOLD
36
Stochastic:
Linear or Non linear
Threshold or Non threshold
LINEAR NON THRESHOLD
37
Stochastic:
Linear or Non linear
Threshold or Non threshold
LINEAR NON THRESHOLD
38
2 Categories of Stochastic Effect
1. GENETIC EFFECTS
2. STOCHASTIC EFFECTS
39
All cells of the body imaging except genetic cells
SOMATIC CELLS
40
Exposure:
Conventional Unit:
SI Unit:
ROENTGEN;C/KG
41
Air Kerma:
Conventional Unit:
SI Unit:
ROENTGEN;GYa
42
Absorbed Dose:
Conventional Unit:
SI Unit:
RAD;GYt
43
Dose equivalent:
Conventional Unit:
SI Unit:
REM;SIEVERT
44
Radioactivity :
Conventional Unit:
SI Unit:
CURIE: BECQUEREL
45
How many rad in one Gyt
100 RAD = 1 GYt
46
How many rad in one Roentgen
100 RAD = 1 R = 100 REM
47
How many mGya in one Roentgen
10 MGYa = 1 R
48
What are the Natural Background Radiation?
1. COSMIC RADIATION
2. NATURALLY DEPOSITED RADIONUCLIDES
3. TERRESTRIAL RADIATION
4. RADON
49
What type of dose response relationship is the basis for radiation protection?
LINEAR NON THRESHOLD
50
How many mSV is the dose limit for annual effective dose equivalent
50 mSv in one year
51
Lens of the eye annual dose
150 mSv
52
Dose for extremities
500 mSv
53
Public expose dose limit
1 mSv
54
Education (under 18) dose limit
1 mSv
55
Total dose equivalent limit for fetus
5 mSv
56
Dose equivalent dose for fetus per month
0.5 mSv
57
Patient Dose in the contrast expressed in 3 ways and these are:
1.ENTRANCE SKIN EXPOSURE
2.ORGAN DOSE
3.FETAL DOSE
58
Easiest to estimate in the wats to expressed patient dose
ENTRANCE SKIN DOSE
59
Cant be measured directly but must be estimated
ORGAN DOSE
60
Above 70 kVp how many is the aluminum equivalent is needed for filtration?
2.5 mm
61
TRUE OR FALSE:
The px couch is considered part of the fluoroscopic filtration.
TRUE
62
Is the restriction of the useful x-ray beam to the anatomy being examined
COLLIMATION
63
The ____ of the image receptor greatly influences px dose
SPEED
64
At least how many mm is the lead apron
0.5 mm BECAUSE THICKER APRON MAY TOO HEAVY
65
What are the 4 types of radiation measuring devices
1. POCKET IONIZATION DEVICES
2. FILM BADGE
3. TLD
4. OSL
66
Anually how many mSv is the limit for pregnant radtech?
5 mSv
67
Term applied to the science of the structure pf the body
Anatomy
68
Study of the function of the body organs
PHYSIOLOGY
69
Study of the body of knowledge relaying to the bones
OSTEOLOGY
70
Divides the body to left and right segments
SAGITTAL PLANE
71
Divides the body to anterior and posterior segments
CORONAL
72
Divides the body to superior and inferior segments
HORIZONTAL
PLANE
73
Can pass through the body part at any angle between three planes
OBLIQUE PLANE
74
Transects the pelvis at the top of the iliac crest at the level of fourth lumbar spinous process
INTERILIAC PLANE
75
Formed by biting surfaces of the teeth
OCCLUSAL PLANE
76
What are the two body cavities
1. THORACIC CAVITY
2. ABDOMINAL/ ABDOMINOPELVIC CAVITY
77
External landmark:
C1
MASTOID TIP
78
External landmark:
C2-C3
GONION
79
External landmark:
C3-C4
HYOID BONE
80
External landmark:
C5
THYROID CARTILAGE
81
External landmark:
C7
VERTEBRA PROMINENS
82
External landmark:
T1
5 CM SUPERIOR TO THE LEVEL OF JUGULAR NOTCH
83
External landmark:
T2-T3
LEVEL OF JUGULAR NOTCH
84
External landmark:
T4-T5
LEVEL OF STERNAL ANGLE
85
External landmark:
T7
LEVEL OF INFERIOR ANGLE OF SCAPULA
86
External landmark:
T9-T10
LEVEL OF XIPHOID PROCESS
87
External landmark:
L2-L3
INFERIOR COSTAL MARGIN
88
External landmark:
L4-L5
LEVEL OF MOST SUPERIOR ASPECT OF ILIAC CRESTS
89
External landmark:
S1-S2
ASIS
90
External landmark:
Coccyx
SYMPHYSIS PUBIS AND GREATER TROCHANTER
91
Explain the Sthenic 50%
Heart:
Lungs:
Diaphragm:
Stomach:
Colon:
Gallbladder:
Build:
Abdomen:
Thorax:
Pelvis:
HEART: MODERATELY TRANSVERSE
LUNGS: MODERATE LENGTH
DIAPHRAGM: MODERATE HIGH
STOMACH: HIGH UPPER LEFT
COLON: SPREAD EVENLY; SLIGHT DIP IN TRANSVERSE COLON
GALLBLADDER: CENTERED ON THE RIGHT SIDE UPPER ABDOMEN
BUILD: MODERATELY HEAVY
ABDOMEN: MODERATELY LONG
THORAX: MODERATELY SHORT, BROAD AND DEEP
PELVIS:RELATIVELY SMALL
92
Answer the following:
Hypersthenic 5%
Heart:
Lungs:
Diaphragm:
Stomach:
Colon:
Gallbladder:
Build:
Abdomen:
Thorax:
Pelvis:
HEART: AXIS NEARLY TRANSVERSE
LUNGS: SHORT APICES AT OR NEAR APICES
DIAPHRAGM: HIGH
STOMACH: HIGH TRANSVERSE AND IN THE MIDDLE
COLON:AROUND PERIPHERY OF ABDOMEN
GALLBLADDER: HIGH OUTSIDE MORE PARALLEL
BUILD: MASSIVE
ABDOMEN: LONG
THORAX:SHORT BROAD
PELVIS: NARROW
93
Answer the following:
Asthenic 5%
Heart:
Lungs:
Diaphragm:
Stomach:
Colon:
Gallbladder:
Build:
Abdomen:
Thorax:
Pelvis:
HEART: NEARLY VERTICAL AND AT THE MIDLINE
LUNGS: LONG APICES ABOVE CLAVICLES MAY BE BROADER ABOVE
DIAPHRAGM:LOW
STOMACH: LOW AND MEDIAL IN PELVIS WHEN STANDING
COLON: LOW FOLDS ON ITSELF
GALLBLADDER: LOW AND NEARER THE MIDLINE
BUILD: TALL
ABDOMEN:SHORT
THORAX: LONG AND SHALLOW
PELVIS: WIDE
94
How many bones are in the adult human
206 BONES
95
2 main groups of skeletal system
1. AXIAL SKELETAL
2. APPENDICULAR SKELETAL
96
Protects the bone and give strength in supporting the body
COMPACT BONE
97
Less dense inner layer. Contains a speculated network of interconnecting spaces
SPONGY BONE
98
Speculated network of interconnecting spaces
TRABECULAE
99
Part of trabeculae that produces red and white blood cells
RED MARROW
100
Part of trabeculae that produces our stores adipose or fat cells
YELLOW MARROW
101
Long bone central cavity
MEDULLARY CANAL
102
Tough fibrous connective tissue and that covers all bony surfaces except articular surface which are covered by articular cartilage.
PERIOSTEUM
103
Tissue lining the medullary cavity
ENDOSTEUM
104
Opening in the periosteum near the center
NUTRIENT FORAMEN
105
Supply cancellous bone and marrow
NUTRIENT ARTERY
106
Supplies compact bone
PERIOSTEAL ARTERY
107
Development and formation of bones
OSSIFICATION
108
What are the two distinct process of ossification
1. INTER-MEMBRANOUS OSSIFICATION
2. ENDOCHONDRAL OSSIFICATION
109
Study of joints or articulation of bones
ARTHROLOGY
110
Functional classification of bones joints that means immovable
SYNARTHROSES
111
Functional classification of bones joints that means slightly movable
AMPHIATHROSES
112
Functional classification of bones joints that means freely movable
DIATHROSES
113
Type of joint that do not have joint cavity and is united by fibrous and connective tissue’s
FIBROUS JOINTS
114
An immovable joint or very slightly movable joint united by sheets of fibrous tissue. Example inferior tibio fibular joint
SYNDESMOSIS
115
An immovable joint occurring only in the skull
SUTURES
116
An immovable joint that occurs only in the roots of the teeth
GOMPHOSIS
117
Three types of structural classification of joints
1. FIBROUS
2. CARTILAGINOUS
3. SYNOVIAL
118
Slightly movable joints That are designed for strength and shock absorbency
SYMPHYSIS
119
Animal double join and immovable joint that contains a rigid cartilage that unites two bones. Example epiphyseal plate
SYNCHONDROSIS
120
Inner layer that surrounds the entire join to create a joint cavity.
SYNOVIAL MEMBRANE
121
Thick yellow viscous fluid inside the synovial membrane that reduces friction
SYNOVIAL FLUID
122
This covers the joints that ease the motion
ARTICULAR CARTILAGE
123
Pad of fibrocartilage that are shock absorbers
MENISCUS
124
Synovial filled fluid sacks outside the main joint cavity
BURSAE
