Ballistics Flashcards
(25 cards)
If several projectiles are fired from the same weapon with the same elevation and deflection settings, the individual points of impact will be scattered about the aim point. The degree of scatter of these rounds is called _____________.
Dispersion (3-04.3 C-1)
The altitude from which the projectile is fired and range to target determines ___________ and ________________.
impact pattern, fragmentation pattern (3-04.3 para C-54)
Fragmentation pattern length ____________ with high-angle impacts.
Decreases (3-04.1 para C-54)
What are the Interior Ballistics?
Barrel Wear, Propellant Charges, Projectile Weight, Launcher Tube and Rocket Pod Alignment, Thrust Misalignment (3-04.3 pg C-5&6)
What are the Exterior Ballistics?
Air Resistance, Gravity, Yaw, Projectile Drift, Wind Drift (3-04.3 pg c5-8)
What are the Aerial Ballistics?
Rotor Down-Wash, Angular Rate, Turning Bank, Propellant Force, Center of Gravity, Relative Wind Effect, Trajectory Shift, Port-Starboard Effect, Projectile Jump (3-04.3 pgC 8-13
What are the Terminal Ballistics?
Blast, Heat, and Fragmentation are influenced by fuze and warhead functioning, impact angle, and surface condition. (3-04.3 pg C-13)
Define maximum effective range
Distance at which there is a 50-percent probability of both hitting and defeating a target. (3-04.3 para C-10)
What is the definition of ballistics and what are the four types of ballistics? Ballistics is the science of projectile motion and conditions affecting that motion.
Interior, exterior, aerial, and terminal (3-04.3 pg C-5, par C12)
What interior ballistic characteristics can the aircrew compensate for?
Aircrews cannot compensate for these characteristics when firing free-flight projectiles. (3-04.3 para C-13)
What is the cause of the greatest error for free flight rockets (besides poor pilot technique) and what is done to minimize that error?
Free-flight rockets have an inherent thrust misalignment, which is the greatest cause of error in free flight (3-04.3 page C6, para C-21)
Which Exterior Ballistic is not compensated for by the WP/MP?
Yaw (3-04.3 PG C7 PARA C28)
What exterior ballistic causes a clockwise spinning projectile to move to the right?
Projectile drift (3-04.3 para C-30)
Why is the Aerial Rocket System more accurate when fired from an OGE hover rather than an IGE hover?
IGE launch yields greater dispersion, because the aircraft cannot apply appropriate downwash compensation due to random Induced Flow pattern (ARS SH D-41)
What is angular rate error and how do you prevent or minimize it?
Angular rate error is caused by the motion (pitch, roll, and/or yaw) in the launch platform as a projectile leaves the weapon. Steady platform. (3-04.3 p C-9)
What are the aerial ballistic characteristics affecting fin-stabilized projectiles?
Propellant force, CG, relative wind (3-04.3 page C-10)
What causes a rocket to seek into a crosswind or impact past the target when fired during an accelerating climb?
Relative wind Effect (3-04.3 page PG C11 PARA C45)
What is projectile jump and when does it occur when firing from a hover?
Projectile jump occurs when a crew fires a weapon from an aircraft in flight and the weapon’s muzzle is pointed in any direction other than into the relative wind (figure C-14). Projectile jump begins when the projectile experiences an initial yaw as it leaves the muzzle. The jump occurs due to the precession (change in axis of rotation) induced by crosswind. The amount of jumps is proportional to the projectile’s initial yaw. Firing to the right produces a downward jump; firing to the left produces an upward jump. Compensation is not required when the gunner fires from a hover. (3-04.3 pg c13 para c51)
Is Projectile Jump compensated by WP/MP?
No (AWS SH D-73)
What determines the amount of lead required when firing off axis to the right or left?
Aircraft airspeed, angle of deflection, projectile velocity, and target range. (3-04.3 C-49, P C12)
What are three factors that affect dispersion discussed in conjunction with terminal ballistics?
Vibration, sights, boresights (3-04.3 c-56-58)
What is it called when projectile drift and trajectory shift combine with each other?
Port/ starboard effect (3-04.3 page C-12)
__________ is additional type of fragmentation is produced by target structure itself.
Spall (3-04.3 pg C-18
At approximately ____ knots indicated forward airspeed, the influence vector is moved just aft of the rocket launcher forward bulkhead, thus reducing down wash to_____.
33, zero (3-04.3 C-21 3-04.3)
