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BAM Prep Flashcards

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1
Q

What does the Air Quality Index (AQI) communicate?

A

The level of air contamination in a specific area or country and its expected pollution levels

The AQI is calculated from various types of pollution and varies by country.

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2
Q

Define air pollution.

A

The contamination of the environment by physical, chemical, or biological agents that alter the atmosphere’s natural characteristics.

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3
Q

What is the composition of Earth’s atmosphere?

A
  • Nitrogen (78.1%)
  • Oxygen (20.9%)
  • Argon (0.93%)
  • Carbon dioxide (0.04%)
  • Trace gases (e.g., neon, helium, methane, krypton)
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4
Q

What are Beyond Value Chain Mitigation (BVCM) measures?

A

Actions to avoid, reduce, or eliminate greenhouse gas emissions outside of an organization’s value chain.

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5
Q

What are biofuels?

A

Fuels derived from biological sources, including crops, vegetable oils, animal fats, and waste.

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6
Q

According to the EU’s Renewable Energy Directive, what is biomass?

A

The biodegradable part of waste, products, and residues from industries such as agriculture and forestry.

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7
Q

What are business travel emissions classified as?

A

Scope 3 Category 6 emissions, relating to indirect GHG emissions from employee transportation for business purposes.

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8
Q

What do capital goods emissions refer to?

A

Indirect emissions associated with the lifecycle of capital goods acquired or disposed of by a reporting company.

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9
Q

What is the Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism (CBAM)?

A

A system that places a carbon price on imports from countries with less ambitious climate policies to prevent carbon leakage.

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10
Q

What is carbon insetting?

A

A strategy to reduce emissions within a company’s supply chain by investing in nature-based solutions.

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11
Q

Define carbon accounting.

A

The systematic methodologies used to evaluate and quantify carbon dioxide equivalents emitted by an entity or activity.

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12
Q

What is the carbon budget?

A

The amount of greenhouse gases humanity can emit to limit global temperature rise by the end of the century.

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13
Q

What is carbon capture and storage (CCS)?

A

The process of capturing carbon dioxide from power plants and storing it underground to prevent atmospheric release.

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14
Q

What is the purpose of a carbon credit system?

A

To provide an incentive for companies to reduce emissions by allowing them to buy and sell credits based on their emissions.

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15
Q

What is carbon dioxide (CO2)?

A

A colorless, odorless gas that is a natural component of the atmosphere and a major greenhouse gas emitted by human activities.

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16
Q

What does carbon dioxide equivalent (CO2e) represent?

A

A metric that harmonizes emissions from different greenhouse gases based on their Global Warming Potential.

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17
Q

What are carbon emissions?

A

Greenhouse gas emissions that release carbon into the atmosphere, primarily through human activities.

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18
Q

Define carbon footprint.

A

The total amount of carbon dioxide released into the atmosphere due to an individual, project, organization, or nation-state.

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19
Q

What is carbon leakage?

A

The relocation of a company’s activities to countries with weaker carbon regulations, increasing its carbon footprint.

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20
Q

What is a carbon market?

A

A system that enables the trade of carbon credits between entities to create economic incentives for reducing emissions.

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21
Q

What does carbon negative mean?

A

When an organization’s activities remove more carbon dioxide from the atmosphere than they emit.

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22
Q

Define carbon neutrality.

A

Achieving a balance where any CO2 released is compensated or removed to equal the amount emitted.

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23
Q

What does carbon positive mean?

A

When a company reduces or removes more greenhouse gas emissions than it generates.

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24
Q

What is carbon pricing?

A

The practice of assigning a price to a tonne of CO2e to incentivize reductions in carbon-intensive activities.

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25
What is the Clean Development Mechanism (CDM)?
A UN initiative that allows emission reduction projects in developing countries to earn certified emission reduction credits.
26
What is climate change?
Shifts in temperature and weather patterns primarily driven by human activities since the 1800s.
27
What is compensation in the context of carbon offsetting?
The purchase of carbon credits to balance the emissions caused by an entity, helping achieve climate neutrality.
28
What does Corporate Carbon Footprint (CCF) represent?
A reporting company's direct and indirect carbon dioxide equivalent emissions over a defined time period.
29
What is the Corporate Sustainability Due Diligence directive?
A proposed EU directive aimed at fostering sustainable corporate behavior and anchoring human rights and environmental considerations.
30
What is the Corporate Sustainability Reporting Directive (CSRD)?
EU legislation requiring large companies to publish regular reports on their environmental and social impact activities.
31
Define decarbonisation.
The removal or reduction of all human-made carbon emissions into the atmosphere.
32
What are direct emissions?
Greenhouse gas emissions produced from sources owned and controlled by a company, also known as Scope 1 emissions.
33
What do downstream leased assets emissions (Scope 3 Category 13) refer to?
Emissions from the lifecycle of assets leased out by the reporting company.
34
What are downstream transportation and distribution emissions (Scope 3 Category 9)?
GHG emissions from the transportation and distribution of sold products.
35
What is the EU Taxonomy?
A classification system that sets criteria for economic activities contributing to six environmental objectives.
36
What is the EU Taxonomy?
A classification that sets criteria to determine whether an economic activity significantly contributes to the six environmental objectives.
37
List the six environmental objectives established by the EU Taxonomy.
* Climate change mitigation * Climate change adaptation * The sustainable use and protection of water and marine resources * The transition to a circular economy * Pollution prevention and control * The protection and restoration of biodiversity and ecosystems
38
What is the main goal of the EU Taxonomy Regulation?
To provide a common framework to assess the sustainability of economic activities.
39
Define emissions.
All of the gases and substances released into the atmosphere.
40
What is emissions trading?
A market-based system for reducing greenhouse gas emissions through a cap-and-trade mechanism.
41
What are employee commuting emissions classified as in the GHG Protocol?
Scope 3, Category 7.
42
What do end-of-life treatment of sold products emissions encompass?
GHG emissions associated with the disposal and recycling of sold products.
43
What does ESG stand for?
Environmental, Social, and Governance.
44
Why is ESG important for businesses?
It measures a business's non-financial performance in environmental, social, and governance categories.
45
What are fossil fuels?
Materials formed naturally from the remains of dead plants and animals used chiefly for fueling purposes.
46
What category do franchise emissions fall under in the GHG Protocol?
Scope 3, Category 14.
47
Define fuel and energy-related activities (FERA) in the GHG Protocol.
Indirect emissions associated with the production, transmission, and delivery of fuels and energy purchased by a company.
48
How is global surface temperature calculated?
By averaging the temperature at the surface of the sea and air temperature over land.
49
What is Global Warming Potential (GWP)?
An index used to measure the relative warming effects of greenhouse gases, using CO2 as the baseline.
50
What is the definition of global warming?
The long-term heating of Earth's surface due to human activities, primarily fossil fuel burning.
51
What are green bonds?
Bonds issued to raise financing for sustainability or climate-related investments.
52
What is the purpose of the Greenhouse Gas Protocol?
To provide a globally recognized standard for measuring and managing greenhouse gas emissions.
53
What is the greenhouse effect?
The process where greenhouse gases trap the sun's heat in the Earth's atmosphere.
54
What gases are considered greenhouse gases (GHGs)?
* Carbon dioxide (CO2) * Methane (CH4) * Nitrous oxide (N2O) * Ozone (O3)
55
Define greenwashing.
A misleading tactic to present products or operations as environmentally friendly while concealing harmful impacts.
56
What is hydrogen in the context of energy?
The most abundant element in the universe, used as a source of energy that produces only water.
57
What are indirect emissions according to the GHG Protocol?
Emissions made up of Scope 2 and Scope 3 emissions that are a consequence of a company's activities but controlled by another entity.
58
What is the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC)?
An intergovernmental body of the United Nations responsible for advancing knowledge on human-induced climate change.
59
What is internal carbon pricing?
A corporate financial strategy where a company assigns a monetary value to its carbon emissions.
60
What are investment emissions classified as in the GHG Protocol?
Scope 3, Category 15.
61
What was the Kyoto Protocol?
The first treaty committing nations to reduce their greenhouse gas emissions based on scientific consensus.
62
Define life cycle assessment (LCA).
A method for compiling and evaluating a product or service's inputs, outputs, and potential environmental impacts throughout its life cycle.
63
What are long-term science-based targets?
Targets achieved when decarbonisation reaches over 90% compared to baseline emissions to achieve net-zero by 2050.
64
What is methane (CH4)?
A greenhouse gas with a higher Global Warming Potential than carbon dioxide, significantly contributing to global warming.
65
What is climate change mitigation?
Efforts to minimize or avoid the emission of greenhouse gases.
66
What is the Global Warming Potential (GWP) of methane compared to carbon dioxide?
Methane has a much higher Global Warming Potential (GWP) than carbon dioxide ## Footnote Methane accounts for at least 25% of today's global warming.
67
What does climate change mitigation aim to achieve?
Efforts to minimise or avoid the emission of greenhouse gases ## Footnote It differs from climate adaptation, which adjusts to new realities.
68
What is the Mitigation Hierarchy?
Decarbonisation should come before beyond value chain mitigation (BVCM) ## Footnote Net-zero achieved by deep emission cuts of at least 90% by 2050.
69
Define near-term science-based targets.
Targets for the next five to ten years, halving emissions compared to a baseline year ## Footnote They serve as a reality check on a company’s journey to net-zero by 2050.
70
What does net-zero mean?
Cutting greenhouse gas emissions to as close to zero as possible, with remaining emissions re-absorbed ## Footnote Achieved when a business eliminates all possible carbon emissions and compensates the rest.
71
What is neutralisation in the context of climate change?
Removal of carbon from the atmosphere and its permanent storage ## Footnote Also known as Carbon Dioxide Removal (CDR).
72
What is nitrous oxide (N2O)?
A greenhouse gas also known as laughing gas, contributing to the greenhouse effect ## Footnote Human activities account for around 40% of total N2O emissions globally.
73
What is the purpose of the Non-Financial Reporting Directive?
Regulation around the disclosure of non-financial and diversity information for larger companies ## Footnote Helps stakeholders gauge a company's non-financial performance.
74
What is offsetting?
Reduction or removal of emissions to compensate for emissions made elsewhere ## Footnote Includes technologies like reforestation and carbon capture.
75
What is ozone (O3)?
A pale blue gas constituted of three oxygen atoms present in different layers of the atmosphere ## Footnote Developed at ground level through chemical reactions and can be damaging to health.
76
What is the goal of the Paris Climate Agreement?
Limit global warming to well below 2°C, preferably below 1.5°C ## Footnote Adopted by 196 nations at COP21 in 2015.
77
What are processing of sold products emissions?
Indirect GHG emissions during the processing of sold products by a third party ## Footnote Defined as Scope 3 Category 10 in the GHG Protocol.
78
What does the Product Environmental Footprint (PEF) assess?
Environmental impacts of a product throughout its life cycle ## Footnote Aids in quantifying and communicating environmental performance.
79
What are purchased goods and services emissions?
Indirect emissions from a company's acquisition of goods and services ## Footnote Categorised under Scope 3 Category 1 of the GHG Protocol.
80
What does the Science Based Targets Initiative (SBTi) promote?
Best practices and guidelines to reduce emissions based on climate science ## Footnote Helps businesses set carbon reduction goals compliant with the Paris Agreement.
81
What are Scope 1 emissions?
Direct emissions from company-owned and controlled resources ## Footnote Examples include on-site combustion and emissions from company fleets.
82
What are Scope 2 emissions?
Indirect emissions from the generation of purchased energy from a utility provider ## Footnote Include emissions from purchased electricity, steam, heat, and cooling.
83
What are Scope 3 emissions?
All indirect emissions in the reporting company's upstream and downstream supply chain ## Footnote Also known as value chain emissions.
84
Define Scope 4 emissions.
Reductions in GHG emissions occurring outside of a product's life cycle due to its use ## Footnote Includes positive impacts of energy-efficient products.
85
What is the Streamlined Energy & Carbon Reporting (SECR)?
Requires companies to disclose their energy and carbon emissions ## Footnote Encourages energy efficiency measures and has been in place since April 2019.
86
What does corporate sustainability refer to?
Business practices that create long-term value while managing economic, environmental, and social risks ## Footnote Ensures operations do not harm future generations.
87
What are the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)?
A blueprint for peace and prosperity for people and the planet, set to be accomplished by 2030 ## Footnote Includes 17 goals such as No poverty and Climate action.
88
What is the Sustainable Finance Disclosure Regulation (SFDR)?
European regulation to increase transparency on sustainability among financial institutions ## Footnote Aims to counter greenwashing and improve disclosures.
89
What is the Task Force on Climate-related Financial Disclosures (TCFD)?
Created to improve reporting on climate-related risks and opportunities ## Footnote Provides a framework for public companies to disclose climate-related information.
90
What is a climate tipping point?
A slight change triggering a nonlinear response in the climate system, changing its future state ## Footnote Human-induced climate change could push several tipping elements past their tipping points.
91
What is the two-degree limit?
Goal to limit global warming to well below 2°C, preferably to 1.5°C ## Footnote Aims for a climate-neutral world by mid-century.
92
What is the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC)?
An international treaty to combat dangerous human interference with the climate system ## Footnote Signed by 154 nations in 1992, replaced by the Paris Agreement.
93
What are upstream leased assets emissions?
GHG emissions resulting from assets leased from another entity without financial control ## Footnote Classified under Scope 3 Category 8 of the GHG Protocol.
94
What are upstream transportation and distribution emissions?
Emissions from transportation and distribution of products purchased by a company ## Footnote Defined as Scope 3 Category 4 in the GHG Protocol.
95
What are use of sold products emissions?
GHG emissions released during the use phase of a company's products ## Footnote Defined as Scope 3 Category 11 in the GHG Protocol.
96
What are value chain emissions?
Indirect emissions that account for a significant part of an organisation's total Corporate Carbon Footprint ## Footnote Also known as Scope 3 emissions.
97
What are Voluntary Emission Reductions (VER)?
Emission reductions made voluntarily, not mandated by regulation ## Footnote Originates from an organisation's proactive climate action.
98
What are waste generated in operations emissions?
GHG emissions associated with waste generated by a company's operations ## Footnote Classified under Scope 3 Category 5 in the GHG Protocol.
99
Define weather.
The state of the atmosphere at a particular place during a specific time ## Footnote Includes pressure, temperature, wind, humidity, precipitation, and cloud cover.
100
What does zero carbon mean?
A product or service produces no carbon emissions ## Footnote Examples include renewables like wind and solar.

Sustainability Keywords (1 decks)

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