Bamberg - conext Flashcards
(10 cards)
religious
what was the Counter-Reformation?
- ocurred in second half of 16th century
- Catholic church regains terriroty and followers
- led by prince-bishops and gained momentum through Jesuit churches
- Catholic faith became a key part of the prince-bishopric
religious
how was the Conter-Reformation seen in Bamberg?
- parish church of St Michael in Zeil, a bishopric in Bamberg, had a ceiling painting of the Catholic Church victorious over Protestants. Depicted women as witches.
- some Protestants refused to renounce their faith, and were forced out of the area
- 1609: von Aschhausen appointed prince-bishop of Bamberg and prioritised conversion of Protestant parishes to Catholicism
religious
how were Protestants persecuted in Bamberg?
- parishes that insisted on remaining protestant faced fines
- supplies of wood to Protestant parishes were restricted
- dissidents sent into exile
- imprisonment in Bamberg tower
despite this, Protestant communities still refused to convert
religious
what was the role of von Auchhauden in the first witch trials?
- had around 300 witches executed
- 1610: ordered investigation in which anyone found practicing magic would be severely punished
- enhanced connection between Protestantism and witches by claiming sorcerers were at work in the same regions Protestant priests were harboured
though some witch-trials had taken place before he came to power, the first in 1595
religious
when was von Dornheim elected and what was the impact?
1623
eradicated any opposition to witch-hunting
political
how did the Thirty Years’ War start?
- divisions in Northorn Europe and the ambitions of the Habsburg monarchy
- Habsburgs wanted to expand their terriroty, but this was opposed by Protestants
- many German states became involved
political
how did the Thirty Years War impact Bamberg?
- presence of large armies (150,000 Swedes, 100,000 Danes) caused famine, loss of supplies, young men and boys conscripted
- misfortune was blamed on witches
- Catholics became more extreme
political/religious
how did Catholics in Bamberg become more extreme?
labelled those who deviated from othodox practices as heretics, and blamed the Devil
* women whose sexual behaviour deviated from thei expectations
* different political views
* reputation for healing/fortune-telling
* upper class
economic
what was the impact of weather and crop failure in Bamberg?
- ‘Little Ice Age’ of early 1600s worked in tandem with the debt from the war to create crisis
- witches blamed for misfortune
- it was in the interest of the prince-bishop to carry out witch-hunts to ensure the frost didn’t return
- petitions in villages which demanded eradication of witches
economic
what was the impact of inflation on Bamberg?
- money lost its real value and crop failures - together resulted in inflation
- people in Bamberg had little understaning of economics to blamed witches - disproportionate accusation of people living on trade routes
