Band 5 MSK Physiotherapy

Question 1

What does the acronym THREADS stand for in the context of MSK Physiotherapy?

Answer 1

Thyroid, Heart/resp, Rheumatoid Arthritis/ osteoporosis, Epilepsy, Asthma, Diabetes

THREADS is used to identify important medical conditions during assessment.

Question 2

List the 5 Ds and 3 Ns associated with red flags in MSK Physiotherapy.

Answer 2

• Dysarthria (Problem with speech)
• Dysphagia (Problem swallowing)
• Diplopia (Blurred or double vision)
• Drop attacks (Loss of consciousness or power)
• Dizziness
• Numbness
• Nystagmus (involuntary eye movement)
• Nausea

These symptoms can indicate serious underlying conditions.

Question 3

What is Cauda Equina Syndrome and what is the response window for it?

Answer 3

Cauda Equina Syndrome is a serious condition affecting the lower spinal cord, with a 24-hour response window for treatment.

Symptoms include bowel or bladder dysfunction and loss of feeling.

Question 4

What are the ‘big 5’ cancers to screen for in MSK Physiotherapy?

Answer 4

• Prostate
• Breast
• Kidney
• Lung
• Thyroid

These cancers are commonly associated with red flags in MSK conditions.

Question 5

What is the definition of Osteoarthritis?

Answer 5

A type of degenerative joint disease that results from the breakdown of joint cartilage and underlying bone.

Osteoarthritis can lead to pain and stiffness in joints.

Question 6

What does the SOCTRATES acronym help to characterize?

Answer 6

Symptom behaviour in MSK assessments.

It includes aspects like Site, Onset, Character, Radiation, Associations, Time course, Exacerbating/relieving factors, and Severity.

Question 7

True or False: Acute neurological symptoms are less concerning than chronic symptoms.

Answer 7

False

Acute neurological symptoms raise more alertness than chronic symptoms.

Question 8

What is the significance of bilateral weakness in MSK assessments?

Answer 8

Bilateral weakness causes more alertness and may require MRI for further investigation.

It can indicate serious underlying conditions.

Question 9

Fill in the blank: The MRC scale is used to grade _______.

Answer 9

[muscle strength]

The MRC Scale ranges from Grade 0 (no visible contraction) to Grade 5 (full ROM against maximal resistance).

Question 10

What are the key components of a subjective assessment in physiotherapy?

Answer 10

• Presenting Complaint
• Pain Description
• History of the Injury/Condition
• Functional Impact
• Medical History
• Red Flags

These components help gather comprehensive patient information.

Question 11

What should be assessed during a neurological examination?

Answer 11

• Dermatomes
• Myotomes
• Reflexes

Neurological examination helps identify nerve function and integrity.

Question 12

What are ‘Red Flags’ in physiotherapy?

Answer 12

Signs of serious medical conditions that require immediate attention, such as unexplained weight loss, night pain, and neurological deficits.

Identifying red flags is crucial for patient safety.

Question 13

What is the purpose of the ‘30 second Sit to Stand’ test?

Answer 13

To evaluate lower body strength, endurance, and overall functional mobility.

It measures functional strength and balance.

Question 14

What does the term ‘Cervical Myelopathy’ refer to?

Answer 14

Spinal cord compression in the cervical spine or neck.

It can lead to neurological deficits and requires careful assessment.

Question 15

What are ‘Yellow Flags’ in physiotherapy?

Answer 15

Indicators of chronic pain risk, including fear-avoidance beliefs, catastrophizing, and low mood.

Identifying yellow flags helps address psychosocial barriers to recovery.

Question 16

What should be included in a patient’s goals during physiotherapy?

Answer 16

• Pain relief
• Return to sport
• Improved mobility
• Enhanced functional abilities

Goals should align with the patient’s expectations.

Question 17

What is the role of consent in physiotherapy?

Answer 17

To ensure that the patient agrees to the treatment plan and understands the procedures involved.

Consent is a fundamental ethical requirement in healthcare.

Question 18

Describe the significance of ‘Aggravating Factors’ in symptom behaviour.

Answer 18

Activities, positions, or movements that increase symptoms, helping identify triggers for pain.

Understanding aggravating factors aids in tailoring treatment plans.

Question 19

What is a common method for assessing pain intensity?

Answer 19

VAS score 0-10

This helps track pain levels over time.

Question 20

What is the impact of psychosocial factors in physiotherapy assessments?

Answer 20

They can influence recovery, including stress levels, sleep quality, and emotional impact.

Addressing these factors is important for holistic patient care.

Question 21

What does the term ‘Functional Impact’ refer to in a subjective examination?

Answer 21

How the condition affects daily activities such as walking, sleeping, and working.

This understanding helps in setting functional goals for treatment.

Question 22

What should be included in goal setting for rehabilitation?

Answer 22

Define short- and long-term functional goals

Goals should be specific and provide a timeframe for completion.

Question 23

What are the types of pain?

Answer 23

• Nociceptive pain
• Neuropathic pain
• Neuroplastic pain
• Primary pain
• Secondary pain

Nociceptive pain is categorized as physical or acute pain.

Question 24

What is the definition of chronic pain according to the text?

Answer 24

Patients who have pain after 3-4 sessions with no recovery are considered to be in chronic pain.

Question 25

What is the formula for understanding pain as presented?

Answer 25

Pain = Sensation + fear/ belief of threat.

Question 26

What is the healing time for a knee injury?

Answer 26

12 weeks healing time.

Question 27

What is the rehabilitation timeline for cartilage tissue repair?

Answer 27

18 months for conservative treatment.

Question 28

What are the key communication strategies when building professional relationships with patients?

Answer 28

* First impressions matter * Do not interrupt * Use open and closed questions ## Footnote It takes 7 seconds to form an opinion of a stranger.

Question 29

What are some examples of open-ended questions to ask patients?

Answer 29

* Can you describe how your pain or discomfort affects your daily activities? * What specific goals would you like to achieve through physiotherapy? * How has your condition changed or evolved over time? * What activities or movements seem to aggravate or relieve your symptoms? * Can you tell me about your current exercise routine or physical activity level?

Question 30

What are some examples of closed questions to ask patients?

Answer 30

* Do you experience pain during specific movements, like bending or lifting? * Is your pain worse in the morning or after prolonged activity? * Have you had any previous injuries or surgeries related to this area? * Are you currently taking any medications for this condition? * Have you tried any treatments for this issue before, such as heat, ice, or over-the-counter supports?

Question 31

What should be done if a patient is not cooperating with prescribed treatment?

Answer 31

List all of the options available to them, ask more questions about what they want from this service, inquire about their vision of how this is going to go, check if they see value in the service, and ask what they think physiotherapy entails.

Question 32

What are some therapeutic interventions mentioned?

Answer 32

* Manual Therapy * Exercise Therapy * Electrotherapy Modalities * Biomechanical Corrections ## Footnote Manual therapy includes joint mobilizations, manipulations, and soft tissue techniques.

Question 33

What is the purpose of patient education in treatment planning?

Answer 33

Explanation of diagnosis, prognosis, and self-management strategies.

Question 34

What is the significance of pain management in rehabilitation?

Answer 34

Anything that can get your pain under control will benefit you in the short term as it will allow you to exercise the painful area.