Banner adolescent knee disorders Flashcards
(27 cards)
What are the four phases of growth and development of the child?
prepubescence (6-10 boys, 5-9 girls)
early pubescence
midpubescence
late pubescence
Which tanner stages are prepubescence?
Tanner 1-11 (age 6-10 boys, 5-9 girls)
Which tanner stage is early pubescence?
Tanner III, secondary sex characteristics
What is happening during midpubescence?
rapid growth
What is happening furing late pubescence?
growth rate declines, physiologic epiphysiodesis
Which 2 tanner stages are important for growth?
stage 3 and 4
What are these:
Muscle-tendon imbalance, changes in strength and flexibilty
Anatomic malalignment: fem anteversion, external tibial torsion, genu valgum, pronation
Footwear and playing surfaces
Nutritional and hormonal factors: inadequate caloric intake, amenorrhea
Cultural deconditioning: increased numbers of sedentary and obese children
Growth, physes and apophyses
risk factors for injury
What is this:
single application of traumatic force
Includes fractures, dislocations, ligament and meniscal tears
macrotrauma
What is this:
repetitive, overuse injuries
Includes tendonitis, apophysitis, bursitis, stress fracture, patellofemoral pain syndrome
microtrauma
(blank) is a painful swelling of the anterior tibial tubercle.
Osgood-Schlatter disease
How do you get osgood schlatter disease?
secondary to repetitive microtrauma
How do you treat osgood schlatter disease?
traction, ice, rest, NSAIDS (use of infrapatellar strap during activity)
What is a type 1 salter harris classification?
overuse injury or fall with microcracks (pretty good outcome)
A transverse fracture through the growth plate (also referred to as the “physis”):[3] 6% incidence
What is a type 2 salter harris classification?
A fracture through the growth plate and the metaphysis, sparing the epiphysis:[4] 75% incidence, takes approximately 2–3 weeks to heal.
What is a type III salter harris classification?
A fracture through growth plate and epiphysis, sparing the metaphysis:[5] 8% incidence
What is a type IV salter harris classification?
A fracture through all three elements of the bone, the growth plate, metaphysis, and epiphysis:[6] 10% incidence
What is a type V salter harris classification?
A compression fracture of the growth plate (resulting in a decrease in the perceived space between the epiphysis and diaphysis on x-ray):[7] 1% incidence
WHich two salter classifications can heal pretty well just with a leg cast?
Salter I and II (nondisplaced)
How do you treat a displaced salter II fracture?
closed or open reduction with smooth pin trans physeal fixation. Screw fixation through metaphyseal fragment
How do you treat salter III and IV?
open anatomic reduction, epiphyseal fixation
Who are most likely to get tibial tubercle fractuers?
boys 12-17 (due to rapid contraction of the quad in jumping or rapid flexion)
If a child is at tanner stage I and II, how should you treat them for an injury?
physeal sparing technique using soft tissue graft
If a child is at tanner stage III and IV, how do you treat them for an injury?
transphyseal, soft tissue graft, metaphyseal fixation
If a child is at tanner stage V, how do you treat them?
adult style reconstruction, BTB or hamstring autograft
