Baroque

Question 1

Answer 1

Martin Luther

Protestant reformation - called out Catholic church for corrupted practices and excesses of luxury.

Question 2

Baroque

Answer 2

Means “mis-shapen”

1. Theatrical, dramatic art that provokes viewer to feel engaged
2. Tenebrism
3. Ordinary people / plebian

Carvaggio
Rich golds, blues, reds
Tenebroso
Diagonal compositions

Caracci
Idealic
Tranquil

1600-1700

Question 3

Answer 3

Bernini

Mostly sculpting
Epitomized baroque

Question 4

Answer 4

interior of the Cornaro Chapel
The extasy of St. Teresa

Bernini

Santa Maria della Vittoria, Rome, Italy

contains sculpted portraits of Cornaro family
St. Teresa and an angel
Bernini able to communicate multiple textures through marble.
Rays of bronze
Yellow window above featured sculpture illuminates and creates drama, aura

The passionate drama of Bernini’s depiction of Saint Teresa correlated with the ideas of Ignatius Loyola, who argued that the re-creation of spiritual experience would do much to increase devotion and piety.

Question 5

Answer 5

Loves of the Gods
Annibale Carracci
ceiling frescoes in the gallery
Palazzo Farnese
Rome, Italy

Done for occasion of a marriage.
Reminiscent of muscular bodies of Mchelangelo’s Sistine ceiling.
Mimic easle paintings - quadro riportato.

Question 6

Quadro Riportato

Answer 6

A ceiling design in which painted scenes are arranged in panels that resem- ble framed pictures transferred to the surface of a shallow, curved vault.

Question 7

Answer 7

Annibale Carracci
Loves of the Gods
ceiling frescoes in the gallery Palazzo Farnese
Rome, Italy

Question 8

Answer 8

Medusa
Michelangelo Merisi da Caravaggio
Italian

Crazy guy
Bitter

Question 9

Answer 9

Caravaggio
The Entombment
from the Chapel of Pietro Vittrice, Santa Maria
Vallicella, Rome, Italy
Oil on canvas

Altarpiece - viewer becomes positioned in grave.
Complicated composition organized on a diagonal
Blackened background - high contrast - tenebrism
Part of the counter-reformation movement

Creates element of real humanity, which encourages connection and empathy in viewer.

Question 10

Answer 10

Caravaggio Boy

Popular androgynous portrait commissions

Question 11

Tenebroso / tenebrism

Answer 11

When shadows create intensity, contrast, and depth.

Question 12

Answer 12

Artemesia Gentileschi self portrait
Caravaggisti - Follower of Caravaggio
Protofeminist

Question 13

Answer 13

Artemisia Gentileschi
Judith Slaying Holofernes

Influenced by Caravaggio / Caravagistic
Tenebrism

Shows strong, powerful women

Question 14

Treaty of Westphalia

Answer 14

Granted religious freedom in Western Europe
Lead to restructuring of political systems
Separation of Catholicism and Protestantism is reflected in art

Question 15

Answer 15

Peter Paul Rubens

Question 16

Answer 16

Peter Paul Rubens
Elevation of the Cross
from Saint Walburga, Antwerp

Catholic scene
Rubens believed that classical influences should be studies, but the appearance of stone should be avoided
Twisting, muscular bodies reminiscent to Sistine ceiling
Diagonal similar to Caravaggio

Question 17

Answer 17

Peter Paul Rubens
Arrival of Marie de’ Medici at Marseilles

Medici descendant, married into Royalty
Commissioned to glorify her arrival in France

Question 18

Rubenesque

Answer 18

suggestive of the painter Rubens or his works; especially : plump or rounded usually in a pleasing or attractive way

Question 19

Answer 19

Annibale Carracci
Flight into Egypt
Oil on canvas

Idealistic
Renaissance style
Atmospheric perspective
Zig-zags of the landscape

Venetian Renaissance landscape artists depicted Architectural structures that captured idealized antiquity and the idyllic life

Question 20

Counter reformation

Answer 20

Sense that art is meant to teach and create effect through emotional connection.

Hope to restore Catholicism.

Question 21

Answer 21

Caravaggio
Conversion of Saint Paul

Saul is on his way to collect Christian prisoners, blinded by light of God, and is converted.

Viewer invited in due to composition, lighting, similar class to viewer.

Secondary figure defines primary figure.

Question 22

Answer 22

Caravaggio
Death of Mary

Theatrical scene with curtain
Mary has dirty feet, bloated, encourages connection to viewer because she is a real person.

Question 23

Answer 23

Bernini
David

Torsion / winding up
Tense moment
May be self-portrait of Bernini

Question 24

Gezellig

Answer 24

Dutch: togetherness, coziness, friendship.

Question 25

Answer 25

Frans Hals self-portrait captures spontenaity painterly

Question 26

Painterly

Answer 26

marked by an openness of form which is not linear and in which sharp outlines are lacking artistic

Question 27

Answer 27

Archers of Saint Hadrian Frans Hals Dutch Individualized portraits Momentary glimpse into meeting - candid poses and composition Some diagonals in staffs and clusters Deep golds and dark greys/blacks influenced by Italian Gothic

Question 28

Answer 28

The Women Regents of the Old Men’s Home at Haarlem Frans Hals Dutch Diagonal in alignment of hands and heads Painterly

Question 29

Characteristics of Dutch Baroque

Answer 29

1. Composition - dynamic through diagonals, twists and turns, artfully arranged 2. Contemporary costumes that are dramatic with sense of movement, texture, and saturation 3. Element of time - a momentary, almost photographic spontenaity

Question 30

Answer 30

Rembrandt Dutch Printmaker, painter, engraver Introspective Captured moods and emotion Honest regarding his anxiety and poverty

Question 31

Dutch power

Answer 31

Middle class became very wealthy because of the amount of importing and exporting

Question 32

Answer 32

Still Life with a Late Ming Ginger Jar Willem Kalf Dutch materialism Infatuism with exotic items Textiles, mediteranean fruit, imported goods

Question 33

Tulips

Answer 33

Brought from Turkey Rare tulip bulbs cultivated and were expensive Early watercolor catologues would show tulips with prices

Question 34

Answer 34

Rachel Ruysch Flower Still Life Flowers on a diagonal Dramatic arrangement - combination of liveliness within flowers Momentary - some flowers at peak of bloom, about to die Vanitas Insects, shells representing life

Question 35

Vanitas

Answer 35

Include references to death.

Question 36

Answer 36

Christ with the Sick around him, Receining the Children Rembrandt Engraved Shows Christ preaching, which speaks to protestant desire to focus on teachings and good deeds instead of idolatry.

Question 37

Benefits of printmaking

Answer 37

- Cheaper to own than commissioned paintings or sculptures - Multiple prints from one plate, allowing more circulation and profit - Due to price point, easier for more classes to obtain

Question 38

Idolatry

Answer 38

worship of idols Protestant reformation wanted to discourage idolatry and encourage good work and study.

Question 39

Countries and imagery

Answer 39

Italiy and Spain - Catholic Flanders (under spanish rule) - Catholic Dutch - Protestant output is often secular religous imagry intended to be objects of devotion and thus, meant to be taken home instead of left int he church, as with Rembrandt engravings