Baroque and classical music

Question 1

What is metre?

Answer 1

The speed, time signature and forming of the pulse/beat.

Question 2

What is timbre?

Answer 2

The musical quality of tone from different notes and instruments.

Question 3

How many beats are there in 6/8 time? What type?

Answer 3

Two dotted crotchets (or 6 quaver notes).

Question 4

What is the relative minor to G major?

Answer 4

E minor

Question 5

What is the relative minor to Ab Major?

Answer 5

F minor

Question 6

What is the relative minor to B major?

Answer 6

G# minor

Question 7

What major and minors key have 3 sharps?

Answer 7

A major and F# minor

Question 8

What major and minor have 3 flats?

Answer 8

Eb major and C minor

Question 9

What major and minor have 4 sharps?

Answer 9

E major and C# minor

Question 10

What major and minor keys have 2 flats?

Answer 10

Bb major and G minor

Question 11

What are the seven chords in a key, in order?

Answer 11

Tonic, supertonic, mediant, subdominant, dominant,, sub-mediant, leading note.

Question 12

What is the content of the 12 bar blues?

Answer 12

C(4 bars), F(4 bars), C(2 bars), G(1 bar), F(1 bar), C(2 bars)

Question 13

Name 6 Guitar techniques.

Answer 13

Power Chords (triads without a third), Palm muting, Blues scale, Hammer ons/pull offs, Pitch bend, Tapping.

Question 14

What is a riff?

Answer 14

A fiff is a short melodic idea that is repeated many times, it is common in rock and pop.

Question 15

Name four digital effects.

Answer 15

Distortion/Overdrive, Echo, Reverb ( making the sound as if it is played in a larger space), Automatic double tracking.

Question 16

What are the two types of dissonances?

Answer 16

Diatonic and chromatic.

Question 17

What is a leitmotif, what is an ostinato?

Answer 17

A leitmotif is a repeating phrase that is associated with a character, theme or trope. An Ostinato is a riff or repeated phrase.

Question 18

When was the Baroque era?

Answer 18

1650-1750

Question 19

What does a continuo consist of?

Answer 19

A bass instrument such as cello or double bass and a chord instrument, such as a harpsichord , lute , guitar or organ.

Question 20

Define the following: Homophonic
Polyphonic
Monophonic
Melody and accompaniment

Answer 20

Homophonic- Several parts changing at the same time.
Polyphonic- Several parts moving independently
Monophonic- Single line moving independently
Melody and accompaniment- YOU HAVE A BRAIN! USE IT

Question 21

What is a concerto?

Answer 21

A piece of work (typically classical) for an instrumental soloist and orchestra.

Question 22

What is a Rondo?

Answer 22

A movement with the structure ABACAD ( a common last movement in Concertos)

Question 23

What is a Cadenza?

Answer 23

An opportunity in the piece for a soloist to show off, it is usually very difficult.

Question 24

What is a symphony?

Answer 24

An orchestral piece in four movements:

Fast, Slow, Minuet/scherzo, Fast

Question 25

What are the four different types of cadences?

Answer 25

Perfect, Imperfect, Plagal and Interrupted.

Question 26

What are the chords in a perfect cadence?

Answer 26

Tonic to Dominant.

Question 27

What are the chords in an interrupted cadence?

Answer 27

A interrupted, or sometimes coined "Deceptive" cadence changes most commonly from Dominant to Sub-mediant.

Question 28

What are the chords in an imperfect cadence?

Answer 28

Any cadential progression that ends on the Dominant.

Question 29

What are the chords in a plagal cadence?

Answer 29

Tonic to sub-dominant.

Question 30

What is a diminished chord?

Answer 30

When a minor interval is made a semitone smaller.

Question 31

What is an augmented chord?

Answer 31

When a major interval is made a semitone larger.

Question 32

What are the success criteria for a description of rhythm?

Answer 32

``` Change of metre Change from simple time to compound time syncopation/cross rhythms Dotted rhythms/triplets Change of temperature ```

Question 33

What are the names of the chords in a key?

Answer 33

Tonic, supertonic, mediant, subdominant, dominant, submediant, leading note, tonic.

Question 34

What is tunato?

Answer 34

It likes like a short dash above a note and it tells you that a note should be played for its full length, or longer.

Question 35

What does strophic mean?

Answer 35

Strophic songs have verses and choruses were the chord patterns and the melodies repeat. They are often present in pop, rock and hymnal music.

Question 36

What is the typical structure of a pop song?

Answer 36

Intro, verse, pre-chorus, Chorus, Bridge/ middle 8, Solo, outro/coda.

Question 37

Name one coronation anthem.

Answer 37

Zadok the priest.

Question 38

What are some ways to tell if a piece of music is from the baroque or the classical period?

Answer 38

If there are more players in the chorus, use of the clarinet ( was not invented in baroque), more strong dynamic contrasts, symmetrical balanced phrases, frequent use of tonic and dominant, piano rather than harpsichord.

Question 39

What is sonata form? What does this mean?

Answer 39

A sonata has three parts, a) exposition, b)development, c) recapitulation. Exposition- usually has two groups and is repeated, the first group is usually in the tonic and the second in the dominant for a contrasting key Development- develops more than exposition. Recapitulation- repeat of first and second group in the tonic

Question 40

Name 5 ornaments.

Answer 40

Trill, turn- n,na,n,nb,n, Mordent- wn, na wna, diatonic na, tremolo- rapid repetition and playing of one note, glissando- a slide

Question 41

What is the difference between appoggiatura and acciaccatura?

Answer 41

``` An appoggiatura (leaning note) is a dissonance that is played on the beat and resolves by step to a noe in the chord. An acciaccatura (grace note) is the same as an appoggiatura, but it is played as quickly as possible. ```

Question 42

When was the romantic period?

Answer 42

The romantic period was from around 1820 to 1910

Question 43

Who was Frederyk Chopin?

Answer 43

He was a famous composer who wrote during the romantic period, he wrote mostly for piano, wrote collections of short pieces and wrote waltzes, masurkes, polonaises and preludes.

Question 44

Name four ways the piano developed during the Romantic period.

Answer 44

1) stronger frame allowed greater dynamic contrast 2) more keys allowed greater range of pitches 3) Pedals also increased sonority 4) the piano became mass produced and cheaper so more people could learn to play

Question 45

What is fermata?

Answer 45

a form of articulation that means you hold the noe for longer than it's full length.

Question 46

What is a requiem?

Answer 46

A requiem is a type of mass performed in church. It is a religious work for chorus orchestra and vocal soloist. They are purposed to commemorate a person who has died. They are often gigantic in scale, involving large amounts of singers and musicians.

Question 47

What is modulation?

Answer 47

The changing of key within a piece.

Question 48

Who was Joseph Haydn (1732-1809)?

Answer 48

He was a famous composer who lived in vienna. He worked for the rich aristocrat Prince Niklans the 1st whilst Haydn had to compose for his personal orchestra. When Haydn travelled to England, he had a huge impression on English audiences. He wrote over 100 symphonies, twelve of which were composed during his visit to England.