Baroque, Classical, Romantic, 20th Century

Question 1

Baroque era

Answer 1

1600 - 1750

Question 2

Baroque composers (3)

Answer 2

-Vivaldi
-Bach
-Purcell

Question 3

Features of Baroque music

Answer 3

-String dominant
-Ground bass (repeating melody in the bass)
-Homophonic (one melody with accompaniment)
-Terraced dynamics (Dynamics change suddenly and not gradually)
-Harpsichord
-Ornamentation (acciaccatura, mordent, trill, appogiatura)
-Oratorio
-Opera
-Recitative

Question 4

Classical era

Answer 4

1750-1820

Question 5

Classical composers

Answer 5

-Beethoven
-Haydn
-Mozart

Question 6

Features of classical music

Answer 6

-Piano replaces harpsichord
-Symphony
-String quartet
-Balanced structure
-Opera seria and buffa
-Diatonic harmony (belonging to key)
-Percussion developed (timpani, triangle, cymbals)
-Question and answer phrasing
-Minuet and trio (ABA ternary structure)

Question 7

Romantic era

Answer 7

1820-1900

Question 8

Romantic composers

Answer 8

-Chopin
-Schumann
-Schubert
-Mendelssohn

Question 9

Features of romantic music

Answer 9

-Programme music (music that attempts to paint a picture or a mood)
-Expressive
-Rubato (freely played rhythm)
-Long, slow melodies
-Larger orchestra
-Wide range of dynamics

Question 10

20th century music

Answer 10

1900-2000

Question 11

20th century composers

Answer 11

-Reich
-Glass
-Schoenberg
-Debussy

Question 12

Features of 20th century music

Answer 12

-Minimalism
-Polytonality
-Atonality (no specific key or tonality)
-Chromatic scale use
-Dissonant (harsh, discordant sounds)
-Syncopation
-Metamorphosis

Question 13

Ground bass

Answer 13

Repeating melody in the bass - Baroque

Question 14

Basso continuo

Answer 14

The instruments that play the ground bass - Baroque

Question 15

Word painting

Answer 15

Making music directly reflect meaning of the words in a song

Question 16

Opera

Answer 16

Dramatic work in one or more acts set to music - Baroque

Question 17

Recitative

Answer 17

Vocals that mimic speech

Question 18

Aria

Answer 18

Lyrical song for a solo voice with an orchestral accompaniment
A-B-A form
Baroque

Question 19

Oratorio

Answer 19

Large-scale dramatic genre based off of religious text

Question 20

Ornamentation examples

Answer 20

-Mordent
-Acciaccatura
-Appogiatura
-Trill

Question 21

Melismatic

Answer 21

Many notes per syllable

Question 22

Syllabic

Answer 22

One note per syllable

Question 23

Acciaccatura/Grace note

Answer 23

Crushed note

Question 24

Appogiatura

Answer 24

Play first note as half the value of the second note

Question 25

Trill

Answer 25

Note that rapidly alternates with the note a semitone above it

Question 26

Mordent

Answer 26

Ornament which sounds the main note, the note above, and the main note again

Question 27

Theme and variations

Answer 27

A musical idea that is repeated over and over and changes over time

Question 28

String quartet

Answer 28

Form in classical chamber music. Two violins, a viola, a cello

Question 29

Arpeggio

Answer 29

Broken chord

Question 30

Minuet and trio

Answer 30

Ternary form structure Minuet-trio-minuet Stately dance in triple time Contrasting middle section

Question 31

Staccato

Answer 31

Short and detached

Question 32

Legato

Answer 32

Smooth and connected

Question 33

Counter melody

Answer 33

Accompanying melody playing against main melody

Question 34

Articulation

Answer 34

Shows how a note should be sung or played

Question 35

Opera seria

Answer 35

Tragic Italian opera

Question 36

Opera buffa

Answer 36

Comic Italian opera

Question 37

Diatonic harmony

Answer 37

Using notes which belong t to the key rather that outside of the key

Question 38

Singspiel

Answer 38

"Singing play" - musical comedy from Germany

Question 39

Imitation in music

Answer 39

When a melody in one part is repeated a few notes later in a different part

Question 40

Question and Answer phrasing

Answer 40

A phrase is played or sung and a response by an instrument or vocalist follows

Question 41

Perfect cadence

Answer 41

Chordal progression of dominant to tonic (V - I)

Question 42

Imperfect cadence

Answer 42

Phrase ending on chord V Sounds incomplete

Question 43

Programme music

Answer 43

Music that attempts to paint a picture or a mood

Question 44

Tone poem

Answer 44

One-movement work for an orchestra of the Romantic Era

Question 45

Overture

Answer 45

Orchestral piece played at the start of an opera (single-movement in 19th century)

Question 46

Programme symphony

Answer 46

Symphony 3-5 movements which together tell a story

Question 47

Sforzando

Answer 47

Forced accent

Question 48

Dissonant

Answer 48

Not in harmony

Question 49

Scherzo

Answer 49

Playful movement of a sonata or symphony in rapid tempo

Question 50

Sonata

Answer 50

Musical composition of 3 or 4 contrasting forms usually for solo instruments with orchestral accompaniment

Question 51

Symphony

Answer 51

Musical composition for full orchestra Usually 4 movements

Question 52

Sonata Form

Answer 52

Exposition, development, recapitulation

Question 52

Sonata Form: Exposition

Answer 52

1st Subject - Transition - 2nd Subject - Codetta

Question 52

Sonata Form: Development

Answer 52

Lots of modulation, fragmentation of themes, dramatic changes of dynamics and instrumentation, eventually leads back to tonic key

Question 53

Sonata Form: Recapitulation

Answer 53

Similar to exposition but remains in original key Coda

Question 54

Lied/Lieder

Answer 54

German for "Song/Songs" Associated with solo art song of 19th century Usually accompanied by piano

Question 55

Impressionism

Answer 55

A French movement Exotic scales Unresolved dissonances Parallel chords Rich orchestral tone colour Free rhythm

Question 56

Minimalism

Answer 56

Contemporary musical style Repetition of short, melodic, and rhythmic patterns with little variation

Question 57

Polytonality

Answer 57

Use of several different keys at the same time

Question 58

Atonality

Answer 58

No specific key or tonality

Question 59

Timbre

Answer 59

Quality of sound/sound colour

Question 60

Prepared piano

Answer 60

Piano with sound altered by placing objects such as bolts, screws, rubber bands, or pieces of felt between the strings of some of the keys

Question 61

Syncopation

Answer 61

Offbeat

Question 62

Motif

Answer 62

Recurring theme or musical idea

Question 63

Ostinato

Answer 63

Musical phrase repeated over and over during a composition

Question 64

Diminution

Answer 64

The shortening of the time values of notes in a melodic part

Question 65

Largo

Answer 65

Slowly and broadly

Question 66

Andante

Answer 66

Walking pace

Question 67

Moderato

Answer 67

Moderate speed

Question 68

Allegro

Answer 68

Fast

Question 69

Vivace

Answer 69

Lively

Question 70

Presto

Answer 70

Very fast

Question 71

Accelerando

Answer 71

Gradually speeding up

Question 72

Rallentando

Answer 72

Gradually slowing down

Question 73

Ritenuto

Answer 73

Immediately slower

Question 74

Allargando

Answer 74

Getting slower and broadening

Question 75

Rubato

Answer 75

Rhythm is freely played

Question 76

Rondo

Answer 76

Main theme (A) keeps returning, with contrasting sections (episodes) in between) A-B-A-C-A-D-A