Baroque style

Question 1

francesca caccini
(when, who, made what)

Answer 1

• 1587 - 1641
• composer, singer, teacher, instrumentalist, musica
• served in womens court 30+ years
• made over 17 theatrical works
• made over 100 shorter vocal works
• little of the music survives

Question 2

musica / musico

Answer 2

all round musician

Question 3

monody

Answer 3

• musical style
• “one song”
• solo vocal melody with a instr. accompaniment
• homophonic

Question 4

basso continuo

Answer 4

• small group of musicans
• best in the orchestra
• play all the time
• play even during rechantive
• low bass, low wind, keyboard
• sometimes a plucked

Question 5

to realize a figured bass

Answer 5

• read bass line
• interpert the figures
• play chords
• add improvs or ornamentations

Question 6

opera
(invented when, where, what is it)

Answer 6

• invented in 1600 in italy
• in 1637 it became mroe of a public thing
• musical drama, divided into multiple acts, divided into scenes
• large-scale solo song, monody
• homophonic

Question 7

the 2 types of songs in opera

Answer 7

recitative:
- about the dialog
- no beat
- no repeats of text
- no melisme
- accompanied by basso continuo who closely follows singer

aria:
- about the music
- has a beat
- has melismes
- repeats text
- usually accompanied by larger ensemble (orchestra)
- most well known part of opera

Question 8

libretto

Answer 8

the story of an opera

Question 9

librettist

Answer 9

the person who writes the story of the opera
not the composer

Question 10

atto melani

Answer 10

• italian castrato and composer
• used as a spy
• banished from france for a bit
• became a gentleman of his chamber
• gave up music for diplomat life
• 1 of 7 brothers all musicans
• served the Medici family in Tuscany
• most often performed in private settings

Question 11

castrato

Answer 11

• a male singer whos been castrated before puberty to retain the pre-adolescent high vocal range
• most imporant vocal soloists
• they where rock stars

Question 12

overture

Answer 12

• introduction to the opera
• instrumental piece
• 1st thing played
• before characters on stage
• used to quiet the audience
• forshadow themes to follow

Question 13

properties of the orchestra

Answer 13

• specified instr parts
• basso continuo instruments where never specified
• centered around bowed strings
• smaller 10 to 25 people
• bowed was teh core

Question 14

lament

Answer 14

• poem of grief, regret or mourning
• type of aria

Question 15

basso ostinato (gorund bass)

Answer 15

any musical figure that repeats over and over as an accompaniment

Question 16

recorder

Answer 16

• looks and sounds like a flute
• wood

Question 17

viol

Answer 17

• like a violin
• placed on lap kinda like chello

Question 18

lute

Answer 18

• kinda like a guitar with a round back
• the head thing is bent back
• strumed

Question 19

harpsichord

Answer 19

• like a piano
• strings are plucked
• sounds similar to piano

Question 20

organ

Answer 20

• multi level piano
• with lots of foot pedals
• sounds like a horn piano

Question 21

movement (multi-movement)

Answer 21

• genre
• several sperate musical pieces that are always played together in the same order
• each piece is called a movement

Question 22

sonata

Answer 22

• genre
• chamber music
• solo instr and basso continuo
  or solo instr that plays solo and acompaniment at the same time

Question 23

trio sonata

Answer 23

2 soloists and a basso continuo

Question 24

solo concerto

Answer 24

• multi-movement
• genre
• solo instr and orchastra

Question 25

concerto grosso

Answer 25

- multi-movement genre - 2 or more instr solo and orchestra - never titled concerto grosso

Question 26

dance suit, baroque dance suite

Answer 26

- multi-movement genre - orchestra without solo

Question 27

fugue

Answer 27

- part of music that employs imitative polyphony - can be a genre if the whole piece is fugue - 1st theme is called the subject. its repeated throughout the peice

Question 28

ritornello form

Answer 28

alternation between recurring orchestral theme and constrating solos

Question 29

theme and variations form

Answer 29

main theme that is altered thorough the piece

Question 30

johann sebastian bach

Answer 30

- died in 1750 - marked the end of the baroque era - most influential composer in western music history

Question 31

cantor

Answer 31

leader of song

Question 32

antonio vivaldi (who, nickname, what)

Answer 32

- violinist, composer - born in venice italy red priest, for his red hair - violin teacher for music school of teh pieta

Question 33

george frideric handel

Answer 33

- german composer - all genres - 39 italian operas - music director -not from musical family

Question 34

oratorio

Answer 34

- genre - music drama for vocal soloists - secular (based on bible) - no costumes - no acting

Question 35

da capo aria form

Answer 35

- ABA - return to beginning after reaching end of 2nd section - dominant aria form in baroque opera.