Barriers to participation Flashcards
What are the barriers to participation
Lack of time
Negative social influences, poor PE experiences
Lack motivation
Lack of skill
Lack resources/ cost of participation
Family obligations/ domestic responsibilities
What are the solutions to the barriers of participation
- Add physical activity to a daily routine
- Invite family and friends to exercise with you, join a group where physical activity is important part
- Invite a friend to exercise with you on a regular basis
- Select activities that require little or no skill (walking/running)
- Select activities that require few facilities/limited equipment
- Exercise with the children- go for a walk/swim or play
What are the three groups in society that are the target for raising participation (3)
- Women
- Disabled people
- Ethnic minority
What are the common barriers to disabled people in sport
- Negative self image/low confidence
- Low income
- Lack of access (narrow halls, no lifts, reception desk too high)
- Lack of oragnised programmes
- Low levels of media coverage and role models
- Lack of specialist coaches, clubs and competitions
- Myths and stereotypes
Integration definition
Able-bodied and disabled people taking part in the same activity at the same time (London Marathon)
Segregation definition
People with disabilities participations separately among themselves (Olympics vs Paralympics)
What are the possible solutions for low levels of disabled people participating in sport
- More opportunities for success (Paralympics)
- Increased investment in disabled sport
- Providing transport to facilities
- Improved access in and around facilities
- Increased media coverage
- Training more specialist coaches
- Educating people on myths and stereotypes
- Designing activities specifically for individuals (goalball, Boccia, wheelchair sports)
- Improved technology (Prosthetics and wheelchairs)
- Specialist organisations
Racism
A set of beliefs or ideas based on the assumption that races have distinct hereditary characteristics that give sme races an intrinsic superiority over others
Stacking
The disproportionate concentration of ethnic minorities in certain positions in a sports team, which tends t be based on the stereotypes that thy are more valuable for their physicality than their decision making and communication qualities
Channelling
Ethnic minorities may be pushed into certain sorts and even certain positions within a team, based on assumptions about them
What are the common barriers for ethnic minorities people participating in sport
- Conflict with religious/cultural observances
- A higher value placed on education as opposed to sport participation
- Fear of rejection/Low levels of self-esteem
- Fear of racism/abuse
- Lack of role models to aspire to
- Stereotypes
- Language barrier
What are the possible solutions to lower levels of ethnic minorities participation in sports
- Training more ethic minority coaches
- Ensuring single sex provision
Punishing racial abuse - Ensuring provision in PE programmes
- Organising campaigns against racism in sport (Kick it out)
Rooney rule
Requires national football teams in the USA to interview minority candidates for head coaching or senior operation jobs
What are the common barriers for explaining the under representation of women in sport
- Stereotypical myths still evident in society
- Less media coverage of women’s sports
- There are fewer positive role models in sport for women
- Fewer sponsorship opportunities
- Negative impact of school PE programmes
- Lack of fitness
Low levels of self confidence (body issues) - Lack of disposable income and free time
- Channeling women into particular sports (gymnastics rather than rugby)
- Fewer leagues and competitions
What are the possible solutions to gender inequality in sport
- Enforce laws which makes sex discrimination unlawful
- Encourage greater social acceptances of women having jobs = more money
- Encourage shared domestic and child care responsibilities = free time
- Increased media coverage
- Increased sponsorship attracted to women sports
- Organisations (Women in sport)
- Providing education on myths and stereotypes
- This girl can campaign
- More opportunities for girls to join clubs
- Sport facilities as attractive as possible
