Basal ganglia

Question 1

this system functions to

Answer 1

regulate muscle tone, complex stereotyped movements, and stabilization of postural platforms for voluntary activites

Question 2

damage to basal ganglia structures results in

Answer 2

alterations in muscle tone and abnormal uncontrolled movements

Question 3

together the caudate and putamen are called the…

Answer 3

striatum

Question 4

all input to the basal ganglia circuit comes via the

Answer 4

striatum

Question 5

lenticular nucleus

Answer 5

putamen and GP

Question 6

the GPi contains the

Answer 6

efferent neurons of the basal ganglia circuit

Question 7

GPi projects to

Answer 7

ipsilateral VA and VL

Question 8

ansa lenticularis is a

Answer 8

thick fiber bundle associated with FP that loops under the posterior limb of the capsule

Question 9

all cortical area involved in planning and execution of movements project to the

Answer 9

striatum

Question 10

the basal ganglia functioning is mediated by the _______ motor cortex

Answer 10

ipsilateral

Question 11

basal ganglia circuits affect movement of the ________ body

Answer 11

contralateral

Question 12

hypokinetic disorders are due to loss of

Answer 12

dopamine

• excitatory input to turn on the direct pathway and turn off the indirect pathway (overall this results in a substantial decrease in movement
• can result in akinesia or bradykinesia

Question 13

hemiballism is a result of a lesion to the

Answer 13

subthalamic nucleus

characterized by wild flinging movements of the body

Question 14

huntington’s disease is due to loss of what neurotransmitter?

Answer 14

GABA that projects to GPe (don’t have inhibitory input on GPe –> which means VA/VL is turned up and there is uncontrollable hyperactivity

Question 15

athetoses

Answer 15

involuntary, ceaseless slow movements due to lesion involving striatum

Question 16

choreas

Answer 16

involuntary jerking movements due to lesions in striatum or VL

when not moving they exhibit hypotonia