Basal Ganglia Flashcards
(22 cards)
What are the different components of the basal ganglia?
caudate nucleus, putamen, globus pallidus, claustrom, amygdaloid nucleus. ASSOCIATED: Substantia nigra, amygdaloid nucleus
What is the basal ganglia’s function?
- -MOTOR. Refine movements (suppress competing movements). Does not initiate. Adjust movement. Role in learned reflect control. Automatic movements.
- -Memory, emotions, cognitive and linguistic functions.
dyskinesia
Abnormal movements of chorea, athetosis, ballism, tremor
Lesion: substantia nigra
bradykinesia
slowness of movement owing to a decrease in spontaneity
Lesion: substantia nigra
hypokinesia
quick movements of smaller range
Lesion: substantia nigra
akinesia
impaired movement initiation
Lesion: substantia nigra
How many major loops/circuit of the basal ganglia are there?
4
What are the nuclei in the striatum?
caudate nucleus, putamen
How does the striatum inhibit activity?
GABAergic projections
What are the neurotransmitters involved in Basal Ganglia function?
glutamate, dopamine, acetylcholine, GABA, enkephalin, substance P
The indirect pathway ________s movement. The direct pathway ________s movement.
inhibits; facilitates
What are some of the most used treatments for Parkinsons?
Medication (dopamine supplementation), Deep brain stimulation
Athetosis
Constant slow twisting movements in muscles of upper extremeties
Lesion: globus pallidus and corpus striatum (putamen)
Ballism
Wild swinging movements that typically involve one side of the body
Lesion: subthalamic nucleus
Chorea
Rhythmic and quick involuntary movements of the muscles in proximal extremities
Lesion: striatum (primarily caudate nucleus)
Tremor
Rhythmic pill-rolling movements of fingers at rest accompanied by akinesia and rigidity
Lesion: substantia nigra
Parkinson disease
degeneration of the secretory cells in substantia nigra leading to dopamine deficiency
Huntington chorea
striatal degeneration
wilson diease
hepatolenticular degeneration subsequent to impaired copper metabolism. Symptoms: muscular rigidity, tremor, dysarthritic speech, progressive dementia, corneal pigmentation
progressive supranuclear palsy
movement disorder caused by cellular death in the brainstem. Shares many symptoms w/ parkinson’s, NO TREMOR. Loss of voluntary eye movements.
tardive dyskinesia
involuntary movements of the oral facial muscles subsequent to a long term use of psychotropic (dopaminergic antagonistic) medications
lentiform nucleus
putamen and globus pallidus
