Basal ganglia Flashcards
Is the BG pyramidal or extra pyramidal?
Extra
Name the functional groups of BG
Striatum : caudate + Putamen (nucleus acuumbens)
Lentiform nucleus: Putamen (nutshell) and globus pallidus
Corpus striatum: lentiform + caudate
What forms the fiber bridge within the striatum
Corona radiata
Describe the location of external , extreme capsule , claustrum and insula cortex
External capsule opposite lentiform nucleus
Claustrum between external and extreme capsule
Insula cortex external to extreme capsule
Describe the BG blood supply
Middle and posterior CEREBRAL artery
Lenticulostriate branches from middle CA to supply MAJORITY OF BG
Name the input, output and intrinsic nuclei
Input : caudate , accumbens , Putamen (STRIATUM)
Output: GPi and SNr
Intrinsic: Subthalamic nuclei , SNc , GPe
What’s the anagram for the 4 BG basic loops and name them
Some
Old
People
Limp
Skeletomotor
Occulomotor
Prefrontal cortex loop (association loop)
Limbic loop
Name the 3 neuro transmitters in BG and their function
Glutamenergic . Corticalstriatal, excitatory
GABA-ergic : palidicothalamic . Inhibitory
Dopamenergic : nigrostriatal
What is disinhibition?
Inhibiting an inhibitor to stop
Inhibition
Name the 2 dopamenergic receptors and what their action is
D1 excitatory
D2 inhibitory
What neuro transmitter does the striatum use?
GABA
How is Parkinson’s linked with BG? And what are symptoms ?
Destruction of SN (compacta in particular)
Hypokinesia
Tremors
Rigidity
How is Huntington’s disease linked to BG and what’s it’s symptoms
GABA no longer produced in striatum . No disinhibition of indirect pathway. THALAMUS IS ESSENTIALLY TONICALLY ACTIVE
Constant and twitchy movements and thrashes
Other BG disorders
Balism/ hendobalism Tardive dyskinesia (antipsychotic drugs)
