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Base Spirits Flashcards

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1
Q

Name 2 great producers of Calvados Pays d’Auge.

A

Domaine Dupont

Adrien Camut

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2
Q

Name a producer of Armagnac.

A

Laberdolive

Chateau de Ravignan

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3
Q

Name a producer of Cognac

A

7 Major Houses

Remy Martin

Hennessey

Martel

Couvoisier

Camus

Hine

Frapin

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4
Q

Name 2 producers of Marc de Bourgogne.

A

Domaine Romanee Conti

Domaine Lamarche

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5
Q

Name 3 Tequila producers

A

Herradura

Don Julio

Patron

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6
Q

Name 2 Mezcal producers

A

Del Maguey

Los Nahuales

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7
Q

Name a great producer of each of the following styles of Rum.

Light Rum

Dark Rum

Demerara Rum

Rhum Agricole

Puerto Rican Rum

Jamaican Rum

A

Light Rum: Bacardi Silver, Mount Gay Premium White

Dark Rum: Gosling’s Black Seal Rum, Meyers Dark Rum

Demerara Rum: Demerara Distillers (north coast of south america)

Rhum Agricole: Rhum J.M. (free run sugarcane juice only)

Puerto Rican Rum: Bacardi

Jamaican Rum: Appleton

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8
Q

What are the 5 legal designations for Scotch Whisky?

A

Single Malt Scotch Whisky

Blended Malt Scotch Whisky

Single Grain Scotch Whisky

Blended Grain Scotch Whisky

Blended Scotch Whisky

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9
Q

Name 2 producers from each of the following Scotch regions.

Highlands

Lowlands

Speyside

Islay

Campbletown

Islands

A

Highlands: Oban, Dalwhinnie, Glenmorangie, and Dalmore

Lowlands: Glenkinchie, Auchentoshan, and Bladnoch

Speyside: Glenlivet, Glenfiddich, Macallan

Islay: Ardberg, Lagavulin, Laphroig

Campbletown: Glen Scotia, Glengyle, Springbank

Islands: Highland Park (Orkney), Talisker (Skye)

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10
Q

What are the 3 active distilleries in Ireland?

A

Old Bushmills

Cooley

New Midelton (producer of Jameson)

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11
Q

List the subregions of Cognac.

A

Bois Ordinaires/Bois a Terroirs
Bons Bois

Fin Bois

Borderies

Petit Champagne

Grand Champagne

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12
Q

What is a pommace spirit called in Portugal?

A

bagaceira

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13
Q

Name 2 great producers of Italian Grappa?

A

Jacopo Poli

Gianola Nonino

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14
Q

What is the precursor to the pot still?

A

Alembic still

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15
Q

Where does alcohol’s name derive from?

A

al-koh’l

Arab in origin means- cosmetic powder purified through distillation

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16
Q

What are synonyms for the Continuous still?

A

Coffey still

Column still

Patent still

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17
Q

define: congeners

A

volatile molecules such as:

esters, alcohols, aldehydes

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18
Q

What are the names of the two columns in a Continuous Still?

A

Analyzer

Rectifier

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19
Q

What four things add flavor to a base spirit?

A

Oak

Maceration

Percolation

Infusion

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20
Q

Define: Maceration

A

Steeping using a cold method that takes time

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21
Q

Define: infusion

A

Steeping flavor into a spirit by a quick hot method

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22
Q

Define: percolation

A

A base spirit is pumped through a flavoring agent

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23
Q

What is the general abv range for liquers?

A

15-30%

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24
Q

Define: the wash

A

finished product of fermentation destined to be distilled

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25
Vodka is typically distilled in a ?
Continous still
26
Vodka derives from the Russian word for?
water
27
What is vodka filtered with to become ultra clean?
Charcoal
28
In the EU vodka must have a minimum ABV of?
37.5%
29
What is the best selling premium Vodka in the US?
Grey Goose
30
Tito's handmade Vodka is made from a 100%?
Corn
31
Define gin at its basic level
flavored vodka mostly juniper berries
32
What is London Dry Gin?
Style of gin: general characters besides juniper orange/lemon peel anise cardamom coriander nutmeg angelica root
33
Name popular London Dry gins
Beefeater Tanqueray Bombay Sapphire Gordon's Boodles
34
Where was London Dry gin developed?
Holland
35
What is Genever?
Originally produced as a medicinal oil based on crude gin sweeter but less alcoholic than London Dry gin
36
What are the dominant aromatics in Genever?
Juniper and Malt can be aged in oak casks and take on color and roundness
37
What is meaning of the following labels for Genever? Oude Jonge Corenwyn
Old- incorporates a minimum 15% "malt wine"; a distillate of corn, rye, and wheat Young- cleaner more neutral Genever Corn wine- cask aged version which malt wine comprises at least 51% of the distillate
38
Who makes Plymouth Gin?
Plymouth Coates and Co in England- sole producer based in Plymouth England Styles are Plymouth, Navy Strength, Sloe
39
What is the perfect gin for a pink gin cocktail?
Plymouth
40
Name a lightly sweetened gin from England?
Old Tom
41
What distillery has revived Old Tom gin?
Hayman's distillery
42
What gin is used for a Tom Collins cocktail?
Old Tom
43
What is the base for a Martinez cocktail?
Old Tom gin
44
What grains are distilled for Whiskey?
unmalted/malted barley maize rye oats wheat
45
What does whisky (uisgebeatha) mean?
Water of life
46
Who distilled Kentucky's first whisky?
Rev. Elijah Craig 1789
47
Bourbon must be distlled from a minimum \_\_\_\_% corn?
51%
48
Bourbon whisky is aged in ?
Charred new oak casks
49
What is "straight bourbon"?
Whiskey aged for at least two years in barrel and no added coloring or flavoring
50
Kentucky bourbon whisky must be produced in Kentucky. True or False
False 95% of bourbon whiskey is made in Kentucky
51
Tennessee whiskey must be filtered with ________ prior to aging and must be manufactured in \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_?
Charcoal Tennessee
52
Define: Sour mash
a portion of spent mash is incorporated into a newly fermenting mash
53
Name two great producers of Rye Whiskey.
Sazerac Rittenhouse
54
Rye whiskey must be distilled by a minimum of \_\_\_\_\_% rye?
51% It must also be aged for a minimum of 2 years in new charred oak barrels
55
Corn whiskey is produced from a minimum \_\_\_\_% corn?
80%
56
Corn whiskey must be aged in new charred oak barrels? True or false
False may be unaged or aged in used or uncharred new barrels.
57
What aging vessels are used for Scotch whisky?
used Bourbon and Sherry casks
58
What is a dominant trait of Scotch Whisky?
Peat
59
Where does peat come from?
Peat bogs located in Scotland near coasts and islands
60
What are the 5 legal categories of Scotch?
Single Malt Scotch Whisky Single Grain Scotch Whisky Blended Malt Scotch Whisky Blended grain Scotch Whisky Blended Scotch Whisky
61
Describe Single Malt Scotch Whisky
- distilled from malted barley in a pot still at a single distillery - must be bottled in Scotland
62
Define Single Grain Malt Whisky
- produced at a single distillery - unmalted barley, wheat, or corn
63
Define Blended Malt Scotch Whisky
-produced from a blend of malt scotch whiskies
64
Define Blended Grain Scotch Whisky
-produced from two or more grain scotch whiskies
65
What is Blended Scotch Whisky?
a mixture of malt and grain whiskies produced at a number of different distilleries
66
What is a synonym for blended malt whiskies?
pure malt- old term no longer used
67
How many distillations must a Scotch Whisky go through and how many years must it age?
2 distillation 3 years
68
How many years is Single Malt Scotch generally aged?
10 years
69
Scotch Whisky must be a minimum \_\_\_\_\_\_% ABV?
40%
70
Most Scotch whiskies can't be aged longer than ?
30-32 years angels share would dilute the whisky below minimum levels
71
What are the six regions of production in Scotland?
Highland Lowland Speyside Islay Campbeltown Islands
72
What is the largest region in Scotland? What are it's best known distillers?
Highland - Oban - Glenmorangie - Dalwhinnie - Dalmore
73
What is the considered the lightest and least smoky region in Scotland? What are its best producers?
Lowland - Glenkinchie - Auchentoshan - Bladnoch
74
Speyside is a fromer subzone of \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.
Highlands
75
What river is in Speyside Scotland?
Spey
76
What distilleries do you find in Speyside
There are many - Glenlevit - Glenfiddich - Macallan milder and fruity in character
77
What 3 distillieries are in Campbeltown?
Glen Scotia Glengyle Springbank
78
What are the major Scotch producing islands?
Skye Jura Mull Arran Orkney
79
What island is Highland Park distillery located on?
Isle of Orkney
80
What island of Scotland is the Talisker distillery located on?
Isle of Skye
81
What Scotland region producese the peatiest whiskies? Who are it's greatest producers?
Islay - Ardbeg - Lagavulin - Laphroaig
82
Which country has been distilling whiskey longer than anyone else?
Ireland
83
What 3 distilleries of Ireland were in operation by the late 2000's? How many exist today?
Old Bushmills Cooley New Midleton (maker of Jameson) The number has tripled with more coming on line
84
What are the basic reason why Irish Whiskey is lighter in character than Scotch Whisky?
Use of unmalted barley no peat bogs
85
What peaty whiskey is made by Cooley?
Single Malt Connemara
86
How many times is Irish Whiskey traditionally distilled?
3
87
88
What is the minimum aging for Irish Whiskey?
3 years in practice it is usually aged for 7 years
89
Canadian dry whiskies are traditionally \_\_\_\_\_\_\_?
blended must be aged 3 years before sale
90
Who is Japan's most famous producer of whiskey?
Suntory offering blended and single malt whiskies
91
What is the minimum percentage of rye in a Canadian Rye Whiskey?
trick question- there is none
92
Where is Glenora distillers located and what is it known for?
Cape Breton Island, Nova Scotia distills malt whisky in the style of Scotch
93
What is brandy's main source of distillation?
Wine- not pomace
94
What is the minimum ABV and length of oak aging of Brandy in the EU?
36% 6 months oak aging
95
Cognac and Armagnac are delimited regions of what spirit?
Brandy
96
In what year was Cognac first defined and in what year was it finalized?
1909 1938
97
In descending order of quality what are the six defined regions in production
Grand Champagne Petit Champagne Borderies Fin Bois Bon Bois Bois Ordinaires (Bois a Terroirs)
98
What is the preferred soil of Cognac?
Soft chalk high percentage in Champagne regions
99
What is the main grape used in Cognac production? Name 2 additional varieties that can be used.
Ugni Blanc (St-Emilion) 98% of plantings Folle Blanche; Colombard
100
101
How many times is Cognac distilled?
Twice
102
What still is used in Cognac production?
Charentais pot still
103
What are the names of the first and second distillations in Cognac?
1st- Brouillis 2nd- Bonne chauffe
104
The second distillation in Cognac is divided into many parts. Name them.
Bonne Chauffe- 2nd distillation 1- Tete (heads) 2- Coeur (heart) 3- Seconds (second cuts) 4- Queue (tails)
105
What is the only part that is kept in distillation in Cognac?
Hearts
106
What is the traditional oak used in Cognac?
Oak that comes from the Limousin and Troncais forests
107
What can be added to Cognac prior to bottling that fixes strength and color?
Water and caramel
108
What do the following bottle designations mean in Cognac? VS VSOP XO
VS (Very Special)- connotates at least 2 years in cask VSOP (Very Special, or Superior, Old Pale)- connotates at least 4 years in cask XO (Extra Old)- connotates at least 6 years in cask \*this will be raised to 10 years by 2018\*
109
If a region is labeled on a bottle of Cognac, what percentage must come from that region?
100%
110
What is Fine Champagne?
distilled wines that come entirely from either Grand Champagne or Petit Champagne. Minimum 50% of blend is Grand Champagne
111
Where is Cognac located?
Northeast of Bordeaux in France
112
Where is Armagnac located?
Southwest of Bordeax, France
113
What are the 3 regions of Armagnac?
Haut-Armagnac Bas-Armagnac Armagnac-Tenareze
114
What grapes are used in the production of Armagnac?
Ugni Blanc Colombard Folle Blanc (Picpoul) Baco Blanc
115
What is the only hybrid grape authorized in France?
Baco Blanc- in the Armagnac region
116
How many distillations does Armagnac typically go through?
Once- 95% of production it can go twice but rare
117
# Define the following terms on an Armagnac bottle. Blanche VS VSOP XO
Blanche- spirit was not aged in oak, but an inert contianer VS or \*\*\*- spirit rested in barrel between 1-3 yeras VSOP- spirit rested in barrel between 4-9 years XO or Hors d'Age- spirit rested in barrel a minimum of 10 years
118
What is petits eaux?
A mixture of distilled water and Armagnac it falls below mandatory abv- is used to blend with full strength to find the right balance
119
Name 2 producers of Armagnac
Larresingle Chateau Labaude- specializes in vintage release
120
What are the traditional grapes used in Brandy de Jerez?
Airen Palomino (Listan)
121
What is an alquitara?
Copper pot still Jerez
122
What do the following designations mean on a bottle of Brandy de Jerez? Solera Solera Reserva Solera Gran Reserva
Solera- aged in wood for an average of one year Solera Reserva- aged in wood for an average of three years Solera Gran Reserva- aged in wood for an average of ten years
123
Which oak is used in the soleras of Brandy de Jerez?
American Oak
124
What is aguardente?
Portuguese brandy
125
Where is Germain-Robin located?
Ukiah, CA known for brandy production
126
What is Pisco?
Chilean & Peruvian grape brandy that has not been aged in wood
127
What are pomace spirits?
spirits produced from pomace- leftovers after pressing grapes
128
Identify 3 pomace spirits
Marc- France Grappa- Italy Bagaceira- Portugal
129
What designations can be given to Grappa?
Riserva Stravecchia Vecchia Invecchiata
130
Grappa can be aromatized? True or False
True with the addition of herbal, spice, and fruit
131
Brandy is a distillate of what?
wine
132
In what region of France would you find Calvados?
Normandy northern France
133
What are the 3 delimited appellations of Calvados?
Calvados AOC Calvados Domfrontais AOC Calvados Pays d'Auge AOC
134
What is Calvados distilled in? What is Calvados aged in traditionally and for how long?
Copper pot still Oak casks- minimum 2 years
135
What is the premier appellation of Calvados? What percentage of pear cider can be used in the blend from this region?
Calvados Pays d'Auge maximum 30% pear cider
136
What are the requirements of the Calvados Domfrontais AOC?
Minimum 30% pear cider Minimum 3 years aging in oak Must be produced by continuous distillation
137
What do the following designations mean on a bottle of Calvados? Vieux/Reserve Vieille Reserve/VSOP XO/ Hors d'Age/ Extra/ Napolean Fine
Vieux/Reserve- 3 years of aging Vieille Reserve/VSOP- 4 years of aging XO/ Hors d'Age/ Extra/ Napolean- 6 years of aging Fine- youngest Calvados bottlings
138
Can Calvados be vintage dated?
Yes, most are blends
139
What is Kirschwasser (Kirsch)?
Eau de vie from black cherries
140
What is Poire William?
Eau de vie from Williams (Bartlett) pears.
141
What is Poire William aged in?
glass- keeps the alcohol relatively high
142
Raspberry eau de vie is called \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_?
Framboise- clear spirit unlike the liqueur
143
Name 4 plum eau de vies.
Slivovitz- Europe (central and eastern) Mirabelle- Quetsch- Alsace Prunelle-
144
What is the national drink of Tunisia?
Boukha fig eau de vie
145
What is Barack Palinka?
Apricot eau de vie- Hungary
146
Rum is a distilled spirit produced from fermented?
Sugarcane or Molasses
147
Where and when did Rum originate?
Carribean 17th century Travelled quickly to Central and South Americas
148
What are the four major styles of Rum
Light Rum Dark Rum Demerara Rum Rhum Agricole
149
How is Light Rum produced?
Continuous method Short period of cask aging Charcoal filter to remove color
150
What style of rum is best for mixing?
Light Rum
151
Where is Mount Gay Rum?
Barbados Unique in it is a "light rum" but are golden in color due to time in oak
152
Where is Demerara Rum located? Who is its sole producer?
Guyana- north coast of South America Demerara Distillers are the only distillers remaining Demerara Rum was born on the banks of the Demerara river.
153
What is Cachaca?
Light Rum distilled from sugarcane- located in Brazil base for the caipirinha cocktail
154
How is Dark Rum typically made?
Twice distilled in a pot still aged for a long time in cask caramel for coloring
155
Where is Rhum Agricole produced?
Martinique AOC- French carribean islands
156
157
How is Rhum Agricole produced?
Sugarcane juice only Column distillation mandate
158
What state of Mexico is tequila primarily made in?
Jalisco
159
What states in Mexico can produce tequila?
Jalisco Guanajuato Tamaulipas Nayarit Michoacan
160
161
What is tequila distilled from?
heart of the blue agave plant
162
How much blue agave is mandatory in the production of tequila?
51%
163
What are the two types of distillation methods commonly used for Tequila production?
Traditional pot still (twice) Continuous method
164
If Tequila is immediately bottled after distillation what is it called?
Blanco or Silver
165
What does reposado mean on a bottle of Tequila?
It has been aged between 60 days and one year in casks
166
Anejo tequilas are aged to a maximum of ___ years in cask?
3 years
167
Tequilas aged a minimum 3 years in cask are labeled as ?
Extra Anejo
168
Tequila is a subset of what category?
Mezcal
169
What is Mezcal?
distilled liquor produced from fermented agave, principally in the state of Oaxaca
170
Which agave plants are typically used in Mezcal?
Maguey Espadin
171
How do bitters get their flavor?
a base spirit is flavored by the addition of spices, herbs, roots, fruit, or botanicals
172
What is an Amaro?
Italian bitters
173
What distinguishes between apertifs and digestifs?
Lower alcohol bitters- better for blending; Campari or Aperol Higher alcohol bitters- sipping after dinner; Fernet or Averna
174
Demerara rum is made with what?
Molasses

Spirits (4 decks)

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