Basic Abx Stuff I Should Know By Now

Question 1

Name the penicillins

Answer 1

Benzylpenicillin
Amoxicillin
Flucloxacillin
Phenoxymethylpenicillin

Question 2

How do penicillins work?

Answer 2

Inhibit cell wall synthesis of bacterial (β lactam ring)

Question 3

Name the glycopeptides

Answer 3

Vancomycin
Teicoplanin

Question 4

Which Abx are folate synthesis inhibitors?

Answer 4

Sulphonamides
Trimethoprim

Question 5

Which Abx interfere with RNA synthesis?

Answer 5

Rifampicin

Question 6

Name the macrolide drugs

Answer 6

Clarithromycin
Erythromycin
Azithromycin

Question 7

Which drugs are cephalosporins? What is their MOA?

Answer 7

Cephalexin
Cefuroxime
Ceftrixaone
Ceftazidime

Are β lactams - prevent cell wall synthesis

Question 8

Which drugs are carbapenems? What is their MOA?

Answer 8

Meropenem
Imipenem

Are β lactams - prevent cell wall synthesis

Question 9

Which Abx are the drug of choice for MRSA?

Answer 9

Glycopeptides - Vancomycin & Teicoplanin

Question 10

Which drugs are glycopeptides?

Answer 10

Vancomycin
Teicoplanin
Telavancin

Question 11

What are the AEs of glycopeptides to be aware of?

Answer 11

Nephrotoxic
Ototoxic
Narrow therapeutic window - dose by blood levels

Question 12

What is the MOA of glycopeptides?

Answer 12

Inhibit cell wall synthesis of bacteria

Question 13

Which drugs are good alternatives to broad spectrum penicillins if P is allergic?

Answer 13

Macrolides - Clarirthromycin, Erythromycin, Azithromycin

Question 14

Which drugs are macrolides?

Answer 14

Clarirthromycin, Erythromycin, Azithromycin

Question 15

What is the MOA of macrolides?

Answer 15

Inhibit protein synthesis in bacteria (50S)

Question 16

What does s. pyogenes often cause?

Answer 16

Sore throat
Skin infections

Question 17

What does coliform infections cause?

Answer 17

UTI

Question 18

Which Abx are good for cell wall deficient bacteria such as chlamydia?

Answer 18

Macrolides

Question 19

Which bacteria commonly cause acute pyelonephritis?

Answer 19

E Coli (60-80%)
Klebsiella (20%)
Proteus mirablis (15%)
Pseudomonas
Enterobacter

Question 20

What is the first line Abx for pyelonephritis?

Answer 20

Cefalexin
Co-amox (if culture shows susceptibility)
Ciprofloxacin (consider safety issues)

Question 21

What are the first choice IV Abx for a P with pyelonephritis?

Answer 21

Co-amox (if susceptible from cultures)
Cephalosporins (Cefuroxime / Ceftriaxone)
Gentamicin

Question 22

Which Abx is the choice to be used in breastfeeding women?

Answer 22

Cefalexin

Question 23

What are the adverse effects of cefalexin?

Answer 23

Allergy
Abdo pain
Diarrhoea
Leucopenia

Nephrotoxic if given with gent, ibuprofen or celecoxib

Question 24

What is the first line Abx for cellulitis?

Answer 24

Flucloxacillin

Clarithromycin/Erythromicin/Doxycycline if allergic

Question 25

What are the adverse effects of flucloxacillin?

Answer 25

Allergy Diarrhoea Skin reactions Can inc levels of protein bound drugs

Question 26

What is the MOA of chloramphenicol?

Answer 26

Inhibits protein synthesis - 50S

Question 27

What is the MOA of tetracyclines?

Answer 27

Inhibits protein synthesis - 30S

Question 28

Which drugs are quinolones?

Answer 28

Ciprofloxacin

Question 29

Which drugs are nitromidazoles?

Answer 29

Metronidazole

Question 30

Which ABx is good for C Diff?

Answer 30

Vancomycin (as its not absorbed orally)

Question 31

What are the AEs of chloramphenicol?

Answer 31

Pancytopenia (depresses bone marrow function) Grey baby syndrome

Question 32

Which Abx can be used against protozoa and mycobacteria?

Answer 32

Doxycycline

Question 33

What is the MOA of doxycycline?

Answer 33

Inhibits protein synthesis - 30S.

Question 34

What spectrum is doxycycline?

Answer 34

Broad spectrum + protozoa + mycobacteria

Question 35

What are the adverse effects of doxycycline?

Answer 35

Gastric discomfort Phototoxicity Deposition in teeth Bone growth inhibition Compete for protein binding Can increase anticoagulant effect of warfarin (as it competes for albumin binding)

Question 36

What type of drug is gentamicin?

Answer 36

Aminoglycoside

Question 37

What spectrum is gentamicin?

Answer 37

Broad spectrum (but inactive against anaerobes and not good against haemolytic strep and pneumococci)

Question 38

What is the mode of administration of gentamicin?

Answer 38

Has to be given IV as not absorbed from the gut

Question 39

What are the AEs of gentamicin?

Answer 39

Nephrotoxic Ototoxic

Question 40

What type of Abx is ciprofloxacin?

Answer 40

Quinolone

Question 41

How do quinolones work?

Answer 41

Inhibit DNA synthesis (inhibit DNA gyrases)

Question 42

What spectrum are quinolones?

Answer 42

Broad spectrum: G-ve and +ve, Mycoplasma, Chlaymydia, Legionella, Anaerobes

Question 43

What are the AEs of Ciprofloxacin?

Answer 43

AE: N&V, headache, dizziness, tendon rupture & tendinitis, peripheral neuropathy & CNS effects (hallucinations, anxiety, insomnia, confusion, seizures), phototoxicity. Prolong QT interval Inhibits some CYP metabolism. Need to be avoided with dairy products.

Question 44

What Abx can be given to ESBLs?

Answer 44

Carbapenems

Question 46

What is the first line Abx used for cystitis?

Answer 46

Nitrofurantoin