BASIC ANATOMICAL/PHYSIOLOGICAL TERMINOLOGYVOICE HEALTH/VOICE CARE

Question 1

How many vertebrae are in the vertebral column?

Answer 1

34 vertebrae

Question 2

How many cervical vertebrae are there?

Answer 2

7 vertebrae

Question 3

How many thoracic vertebrae are there? (aka the ribcage)

Answer 3

7 ‘true’
3 ‘false’
2 ‘floating’

Question 4

How many lumbar vertebrae are there?

Answer 4

5

Question 5

How many sacral vertebrae are there?

Answer 5

5

Question 6

How many coccyx vertebrae are there?

Answer 6

5

Question 7

Define active respiratory forces

Answer 7

Requires a muscle to do work

Question 8

Define passive respiratory forces

Answer 8

Come from physical properties of tissue and gravity

Question 9

What are the primary muscles of inspiration?

Answer 9

Diaphragm and external intercostals

Question 10

Where are the external intercostals located?

Answer 10

Between the ribs

Question 11

Define passive expiration

Answer 11

Diaphragm and external intercostals relax, decreasing the volume of the thoracic cavity and the lungs and increasing air pressure in the lungs

(not typical for singing)

Question 12

Define active expiration

Answer 12

Contraction of abdominal muscles and internal intercostals force the diaphragm up and the ribs inward, causing more pressure in the lungs and thoracic cavity, forcing air out

typical for singing

Question 13

What are the muscles of expiration?

Answer 13

Internal intercostals and abdominal muscles

Question 14

What are the abdominal muscles?

Answer 14

RITE
Rectus
Internal obliques
Transverse
External obliques

Question 15

Thoracic breathing

Answer 15

Focuses on chest/rib expansion and upper abdominal wall

Question 16

Abdominal or “belly breathing”

Answer 16

Focuses on expanded abdominals which must displace w/ the lowering of the diaphragm

Question 17

‘Appoggio’ breathing

Answer 17

Italian for “to lean”

Implies muscular antagonism between muscles of inhalation and exhalation

A perfect balance

Question 18

What type of breathing is widely denounced?

Answer 18

Clavicular/Shoulder breathing

Question 19

How long is the larynx?

Answer 19

1.5-2 inches

Question 20

What is the larynx?

Answer 20

Voice box

Passageway for air moving from pharynx to trachea

Contains vocal folds

Question 21

What is the main purpose of the larynx?

Answer 21

Survival

Question 22

What is the laryngeal cartilage made of?

Answer 22

Mostly hyaline, which hardens as we age

Question 23

What is the epiglottis made of?

Answer 23

Elastic cartilage

Question 24

What are the three unpaired laryngeal cartilages?

Answer 24

Thyroid
Cricoid
Epiglottis

Question 25

What are the three paired laryngeal cartilages?

Answer 25

Arytenoid Corniculate Cuneiform

Question 26

Define thyroid cartilage

Answer 26

The largest cartilaginous plate in the larynx The Adam's apple

Question 27

Define cricoid cartilage

Answer 27

The ring-shaped structure that forms the lower portion of the larynx Uppermost ring of the trachea Taller in posterior

Question 28

Define epiglottis

Answer 28

Uppermost laryngeal cartilage Resembles a long leaf Attached to thyroid cartilage just below thyroid notch

Question 29

Define arytenoids

Answer 29

Two small pyramid-shaped cartilages that open and close the vocal folds Rotate, tilt, and glide in synchronous choreography Primary abductors and adductors

Question 30

What are the four types of intrinsic laryngeal muscles?

Answer 30

Openers Closers Lengtheners Shorteners

Question 31

What is the space between the left and right vocal folds?

Answer 31

Glottis

Question 32

True or False: We can consciously or directly control the muscles of the larynx in much the same way as the bicep.

Answer 32

False

Question 33

True or False: McCoy recommends that we use the term 'vocal cord' since the vocal ligament is long and string-like.

Answer 33

False

Question 34

In speech or song, each oscillation of the vocal folds occurs so quickly that the naked human eye cannot comprehend the movement of the folds. However, when viewed in slow motion, using high speed or stroboscopic cameras, the surface of the fold appears to ripple in a wavelike motion. This phenomenon is called the ___________.

Answer 34

Mucosal wave

Question 35

Put the layers of the vocal folds in order from outermost to innermost.

Answer 35

Outermost: Epithelium Transitional: Lamina Propria Innermost: Thyroarytenoid muscle

Question 36

What is the name of the vocal fold muscle?

Answer 36

Thyroarytenoid muscle

Question 37

True or False: Muscular activities alone are not able to open and close the glottis rapidly enough for sound production.

Answer 37

True

Question 38

Lying directly above the true vocal folds are ventricular folds which assist the epiglottis in protecting the airway during swallowing. Before the advent of instrumentation to look at the true vocal folds in action, many people believed the ventricular folds adducted to produce sounds in addition to the true vocal folds. What is the most common term used to refer to these ventricular folds?

Answer 38

False vocal folds

Question 39

True of False: During phonation, glottal opening always occurs from the upper edge of the vocal fold to the lower edge.

Answer 39

False

Question 40

What are the ventricular folds?

Answer 40

The false vocal folds

Question 41

Define aryepiglottic folds

Answer 41

Triangular folds of mucous membrane located at the entrance of the larynx Extending from the lateral borders of the epiglottis to the arytenoid cartilages

Question 42

Define epithelium

Answer 42

The thin tissue forming the outer layer of a body's surface and lining the alimentary canal and other hollow structures

Question 43

What are the lamina propria and it's layers?

Answer 43

The transitional layer of the vocal folds Layers: Deep Intermediate Superficial