Basic Anatomy

Question 1

What is anatomy?

Answer 1

The study of a body structure

Anatomy focuses on the physical structure of organisms.

Question 2

What does biochemistry study?

Answer 2

The study of matter and chemical reactions in the body

Biochemistry explores the chemical processes within and related to living organisms.

Question 3

Define physiology.

Answer 3

The study of a body part’s function

Physiology examines how the various parts of the body work together.

Question 4

What is hematology?

Answer 4

The study of blood

Hematology includes the study of blood disorders and treatments.

Question 5

Who is a hematologist?

Answer 5

A specialist who studies the function and composition of blood

Hematologists are involved in diagnosing blood diseases.

Question 6

What is hemostasis?

Answer 6

Stable internally and physically

Hemostasis is crucial for maintaining the body’s internal balance.

Question 7

What does concentric mean in anatomy?

Answer 7

From inside out

Concentric structures share a common center.

Question 8

What are electrolytes?

Answer 8

Movement of ions into and out of body structures that regulate or trigger many psychologic states and activities

Electrolytes are essential for nerve function and muscle contraction.

Question 9

What does CNS stand for?

Answer 9

Central nervous system

The CNS includes the brain and spinal cord.

Question 10

List the functions of blood.

Answer 10

• Distribute oxygen and nutrients
• Eliminate waste
• Acid-base balance
• Regulate temperature
• Attacks pathogens

Blood plays a vital role in maintaining homeostasis.

Question 11

What is the function of white blood cells?

Answer 11

Attack pathogens (protection)

White blood cells are key components of the immune system.

Question 12

What do red blood cells do?

Answer 12

Carry and distribute nutrients and oxigen

Red blood cells are essential for oxygen transport.

Question 13

What is plasma?

Answer 13

The liquid in which other components are suspended

Plasma makes up about 55% of blood volume.

Question 14

What are platelets crucial for?

Answer 14

Clot formation

Platelets help prevent blood loss from injuries.

Question 15

What occurs in capillaries?

Answer 15

CO2 to O2 exchange

Capillaries are the smallest blood vessels where gas exchange happens.

Question 16

Name three veins mentioned.

Answer 16

• Medial cubital vein
• Cephalic vein
• Basilic vein

These veins are commonly used for blood draws.

Question 17

What is the injection angle range?

Answer 17

0-30 degrees

The angle depends on the type of injection being administered.

Question 18

What are the most common injection angles?

Answer 18

10-15 degrees

These angles are typically used for subcutaneous injections.

Question 19

What are the most successful injection angles?

Answer 19

15-20 degrees

This angle often provides better access to veins.

Question 20

From what level to what level is the body organized?

Answer 20

From a chemical level to an organ system level

This organization reflects increasing complexity in biological structures.

Question 21

What distinguishes organic matter from inorganic matter?

Answer 21

Organic matter contains carbon and hydrogen, inorganic matter does not

Organic compounds are essential for life.

Question 22

What are the four primary elements of life?

Answer 22

• Carbon
• Hydrogen
• Oxygen
• Nitrogen

These elements are fundamental to biological molecules.

Question 23

What is the smallest unit of life?

Answer 23

Atom

Atoms combine to form molecules, the building blocks of life.

Question 24

What is a molecule?

Answer 24

Two or more atoms

Molecules can be simple or complex in structure.

Question 25

Define compound.

Answer 25

Three or more atoms bonded together ## Footnote Compounds have unique properties different from their constituent elements.

Question 26

What is an organelle?

Answer 26

Body of the cells ## Footnote Organelles perform specific functions within cells.

Question 27

What is tissue?

Answer 27

Multiple cells together ## Footnote Tissues are groups of similar cells that work together for a specific function.

Question 28

What are organs?

Answer 28

Multiple tissues that come together for a specific function ## Footnote Organs have distinct functions and structures.

Question 29

What is an organ system?

Answer 29

Organs that work together for a specific function ## Footnote Organ systems coordinate to perform complex tasks.

Question 30

What is an organism?

Answer 30

The material structure of an individual life form ## Footnote An organism can be unicellular or multicellular.

Question 31

What is the transverse plane?

Answer 31

Split up and down ## Footnote The transverse plane divides the body into upper and lower parts.

Question 32

What is the sagittal plane?

Answer 32

Body split left to right ⅔ and ⅓ ## Footnote The sagittal plane divides the body into left and right sections.

Question 33

What is the midsagittal plane?

Answer 33

Body split left to right evenly ## Footnote This plane divides the body into equal left and right halves.

Question 34

Describe the anatomical position.

Answer 34

Body upright, facing forward, hands to the side, and palms facing forward ## Footnote This position serves as a standard reference for anatomical terminology.

Question 35

What does superior (cranial) mean?

Answer 35

Above/close to the head ## Footnote It describes the position of body parts relative to each other.

Question 36

What does inferior (caudal) mean?

Answer 36

Below/close to the feet ## Footnote This term is used to describe the location of body structures.

Question 37

What does anterior (ventral) indicate?

Answer 37

Towards the front of the body ## Footnote It is used for directional orientation in anatomy.

Question 38

What does posterior (dorsal) mean?

Answer 38

Towards the back of the body ## Footnote This term describes the back side of the body.

Question 39

What does medial mean?

Answer 39

Towards the midline of the body ## Footnote Medial is used to describe the relative position of body parts.

Question 40

What does lateral mean?

Answer 40

Away from the midline of the body ## Footnote Lateral terms define positions that are further from the center.

Question 41

What does proximal mean?

Answer 41

Close or near the point of attraction ## Footnote Proximal is often used in relation to limbs.

Question 42

What does distal mean?

Answer 42

Far from the point of attraction ## Footnote Distal is used in anatomical contexts to describe locations on limbs.

Question 43

What does superficial mean?

Answer 43

Close to the surface of the body ## Footnote Superficial structures are nearer to the body's exterior.

Question 44

What does deep mean?

Answer 44

Internal ## Footnote Deep structures are located further from the body's surface.

Question 45

What are the two main body cavities?

Answer 45

* Ventral cavity: Thoracic and abdominal * Dorsal cavity: Cranial and spinal ## Footnote These cavities house and protect vital organs.

Question 46

What is the thoracic cavity?

Answer 46

Chest ## Footnote The thoracic cavity contains the heart and lungs.

Question 47

What is the abdomen?

Answer 47

Stomach ## Footnote The abdominal cavity houses digestive organs.

Question 48

What does the cranial cavity contain?

Answer 48

Brain ## Footnote The cranial cavity protects the brain.