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AG 134 Animal Terminology > Basic Animal Science > Flashcards

Basic Animal Science Flashcards

(59 cards)

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1
Q

Ear notch

A

Used to indentify pigs

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2
Q

Bull Ring

A

Put on nose to control

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3
Q

Nose tong

A

Clamp placed on the nose

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4
Q

Lamb restraint

A

Over the neck and hoofs placed on each side to restrain

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5
Q

Digital Thermometer

A

To take/monitor temperature

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6
Q

Teat Dip Cup

A

Dip in iodine solution to help stop infection in the teat

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7
Q

Balling Gun

A

To push pills down animals throat

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8
Q

Magnet

A

Used to pull hardware out of the animals stomach

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9
Q

Trocar and Cannula

A

To help with bloat. In emergency stick in the rumen to help release built up air

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10
Q

Drench system (purple and blue)

A

applying larger amounts of medication

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11
Q

Barnes Dehorner

A

To dehorn calves, goats, and sheep

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12
Q

Tube dehorner

A

Short and small, used to dehorn calves. Push down and twist

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13
Q

Stubbing Tube

A

Put down the throat to help newborns. It can help with colostrum or applying medication

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14
Q

Semen Tubes

A

Storage of semen. Green= semen, red= empty. There are identification numbers, used to help identify the bull. Example, 507 HO 12559. 507 is the owner, HO is the breed, and 12559 is the bull ID.

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15
Q

Emasculator

A

Livestock castration, crush and cut the spermatic cord

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16
Q

Elastration/ Elastrator

A

Bloodless method, Banding the body part, cuts off the blood flow.

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17
Q

Lamb/kid puller

A

Place around front limbs, in the correct position to help pull the lamb or kid.

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18
Q

Calving chains

A

They are placed around the claves limbs to help with traction

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19
Q

What are the 3 main importance’s of Animal Agriculture? (Scientifically)

A
  1. Vitamin B12- Animal main food source
  2. Amino Acids in animal protein is more closely matched to human needs
  3. Some food animals can turn pasture and rangeland plants (stuff we can not eat) into high quality protein (found in meat and dairy)
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20
Q

What is a non scienfic importance of animal agriculture?

A

As peoples economy increases, their desire for meats and dairy increases

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21
Q

What do all the animals at the farm have in common?

A

They are ruminant animals (forgers)

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22
Q

What does ruminant mean?

A
  1. 4 stomachs (rumen, reticulum, omasum, abomasum)
  2. Can digest fibers (pasture, hay, silage)
  3. Can eat byproducts
  4. Microbes fermented feed- inefficient process
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23
Q

How can ruminant animals digest fibers?

A

Microbes that can digest cellulose

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24
Q

What do microbes help with?

Study These Flashcards
A

Digesting foods

25
What is culling?
Is the process of selective elimination of an animal based on traits or factors like health, appearance, or sex
26
Involuntary culling
The animals that got sick and dies even in best efforts to save it. -Sickness/too crazy/ death
27
What do you not want to fail from involuntary culling?
Reproduction
28
Voluntary culling
Animal is useful, but needs to be sold - When animal doesn't produce as well as other herd mates (not up to standards.
29
Which is used to make genetic change? (involuntary or voluntary)
Voluntary
30
What does EPD stand for?
Expected progeny Difference
31
What animal are used in EPD
Sheep, goats, beef cattle, swine, (market animals)
32
What does PTA stand for?
Predicted Transmitting Ability
33
What animals are used in PTA?
Dairy cattle
34
What are EPD and PTA estimated uses?
1. Individual’s performance, performance info from all known relatives, + DNA info (genomics) 2. Compares animal to breed average (0 = average, + = higher than average, - = lower than average
35
Weaning weight (ww)
Used to watch the growth of the newborn
36
Heritability (H^2)
% of difference in what we can see & measure (phenotypes or traits) due to differences in genetics
37
What happens if you have high H^2 traits?
The traits change faster when breeding for that trait
38
How do we choose what traits to select for?
1. Have a dollar value 2. Easy to measure, or have a substitute that is easy to measure 3. Heritable (heritability, or H^2 is not equal to 0) 4. Genetic differences (variation) in population
39
Do you select for 1 trait or many traits? why?
1. Some traits are worth more money than others, but no one trait determines animals 2. Preferred but not always used method to select for multiple traits is a Selection Index
40
AI: What does it stand for and used for?
AI is artificial insemination. It is used for the best of the best sires: It will help eliminate dangers of keeping males on a farm.
41
Cloning
a technique for the production of genetically indistinguishable copies of the desired animal
42
Estrus Detection
Reduce cost and labor to detect standing heat (estrus)
43
Estrous synchronization
Reduce cost/time for estrus detection; prepare surrogate mothers to receive embryos; make beef AI cheaper/less time; shorten birthing season
44
MOET
Multiple Ovulation Embryos Transfer Get more offspring from genetically superior females
45
Sexed Semen
Sperm cells either have an X or Y chromosome. Heifers need to replace cows in the herd. They have to pay extra for bull calves.
46
Estrous
Female monthly cycle
47
Estrus (AKA standing heat)
Time during cycle that female is receptive to male
48
Estrogen
hormone that causes receptivity to male. It kills embryo's
49
Progesterone
“pro-gestation” pregnancy maintaining hormone
50
What is the importance of disease?
1. Obvious $ losses when death occurs
51
What are less obvious, but cost more money
1. Clinical illness (show signs of being sick) 2. Sub-clinical (infected, but no obvious signs) 3. $ losses due to treatment, vet bill, reduced wt. gains, reduced milk production, lower carcass quality, fewer eggs, etc.
52
Non-infectious
Caused by injury, poisons, genetic defects, poor nutrition
53
Infectious
Caused by microorganisms (bacteria, viruses, protozoa, fungi)
54
Prions
They are transmissible and induce abnormal folding of specific normal cellular proteins. Found in the brain. Causes progressive neurodegenerative conditions
55
Parasites
Organisms that live on or in host organisms and get food at the expense of the host
56
Contagious
Microorganisms that spread (rapidly) animal to animal
57
Immunity
Process that ID’s foreign particles in body and neutralizes them
58
Types of immunities Natural
Present at birth – skin, mucous, acid in stomach
59
Types of immunities Acquired
1. White blood cells (WBC) attack disease causing organism(pathogen) 2. B-cells can “remember” pathogens and make antibodies to speed up response to infection

AG 134 Animal Terminology (2 decks)

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