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ZOOTC FINAL TERM > BASIC ASPECTS OF FEEDS > Flashcards

BASIC ASPECTS OF FEEDS Flashcards

1
Q

They grow faster, more efficient in feed utilization, more resistant to diseases

A

well-nourished animal

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2
Q

It is rationing feeds short of the proper volume

A

Underfeeding

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3
Q

It is giving more feed beyond the standard level both in volume and in nutritional requirement

A

Overfeeding

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4
Q

It is feeding enough feedstuff with unbalanced nutritional level, which usually results to nutritional deficiency

A

Unbalanced feeding

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5
Q

it is a chemical substance found in feed materials that can be used and necessary for the maintenance production

A

nutrients

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6
Q

young animals and breeding animals needs more?

A

protein

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7
Q

working/adult animals needs more?

A

carbs, energy

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8
Q

a feedstuff that can be digested or broken down

A

digestible nutrients

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9
Q

its in roughage that is not easily digested

A

fiber

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10
Q

they are efficient users of roughage

A

ruminants and horses

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11
Q

3 basic function of feed nutrients

A
  • structural materials for building (proteins, mineral, water)
  • source of energy for heat production (carbs, fats, protein)
  • regulators of body (vitamins, amino acid, mineral)
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12
Q

give some reason why animals need feed

A
  • maintenance
  • growth
  • reproduction
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13
Q

3 terms of animal feed

A

-ration
-balanced ration
- diet

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14
Q

its a total amount of feed an animal gets in 24 hours

A

ration

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15
Q

ration that provides all nutrients needed by the animal in the right amount

A

balanced ration

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16
Q

Type and amount of feed and water an animal eats

A

diet

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17
Q

6 types of materials of feed and water an animal eats

A
  • carbs
  • fats
  • protein
  • mineral
  • vitamins
  • water
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18
Q

Major sources are corn oats, hay, soybean oil meal and grain sorghum.

also it is more abundant and cheaper very easily digested and turned into body fat

most important source of energy

A

Carbohydrates

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19
Q

Meat scraps, tankage, cottonseed and fish meal

A

Fats

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20
Q

Tankage, soybean meal, fish meal

also complex compounds made of amino acids.

A

protein

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21
Q

they are needed by animals; six are macrominerals. Includes calcium, salt, phosphorus, magnesium

it is the inorganic elements of animals and plants

A

minerals

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22
Q

Most important of all nutrients.

A

water

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23
Q

it is A,D, and the B vitamins are most important in animals.

A

vitamins

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24
Q

market hog is ___% water,
newborn calf is ____% water

A

40%

70%

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25
Some are created by the body, (nonessential) Others can't be made fast enough (essential) Poor Quality Protein Feeds
amino acid
26
what does deficiency mean
loss of production
27
what are the 6 Macrominerals needed by the animal
Salt Calcium Phosphorus Magnesium Potassium Sulfur
28
give some function of minerals
- give strength to skeleton
28
give some Microminerals needed by the animal
Chromium Cobalt Copper Fluorine iodine Iron zinc
29
give some function of minerals
* Give strength to skeleton * Part of protein * Activate enzyme systems * Control fluid balance
30
what are the fat soluble vitamins
vitamin A D E K
31
what are the WAYS SUPPLEMENTS ARE PREPARED
BLOCKS- Salt or mineral block LIQUIDS- Molasses MIXES- Salt, protein sources
32
it gives energy needed for all life processes like in Deficiency: slow or stunted
energy feeds
33
Animal Proteins are superior for ______
monogastrics
34
they are abundant in essential amino acids
Milk and Eggs
35
Most likely AA to be deficient are:
Lysine, Methionine, and Tryptophan
36
Cereal grains are low in these
AA
37
it is high in TDN and high in protein.
Protein supplements
38
what does TDN mean
total digestable Nutrients
39
3 types of protein supplements
- animal (meat scraps and tangkage, blood meals) - plant (soybean oil meal, cotton seed meal) - synthetic (urea,rice hulls)
40
any ingredient, or material, fed to animals. most provide one or more nutrients.
Feedstuff
41
they are nonnutritives
flavor, color, adding bulk, preservatives
42
give some Feed Classifications
Roughages Concentrates By-product feeds Protein Supplements Minerals Vitamins Special Feeds
43
give the Two General Classes of Feedstuffs
- Roughages - Concentrates
44
Feedstuffs that are high in fiber and low in energy.
roughages
45
Feed that are low in fiber and high in energy
Concentrates
46
it varies more than any other feed harvest at optimum time cure properly 20% moisture or less
hay
47
left in field after harvest straw, corn stalks. it is fed to right class of animal & supplement
Crop Residues
48
fermented forage plants mostly corn or sorghum
silage
49
low moisture silage grass or legume
Haylage
50
give some other roughages
cottonseed hulls corncobs sawdust beet tops root crops oat hulls
51
its high in TDN but do not provide a balanced ration.
grains
52
most widely used grain
corn
53
in By-Product Feeds Milling by-products are from?
cereal grains oilseeds root crops
53
Feeds left over from animal and plant processing or industrial manufacturing
By-Product Feeds
54
in By-Product Feeds what are the Effective & Profitable Use:
price composition be known palatable and consumed
55
inedible tissues from meat packing like surplus milk products
Animal Protein Supplements
56
what does NPN mean?
Nonprotein Nitrogen Sources
57
they have microorganisms (simple plants) in rumen convert nitrogen into protein
ruminants
58
it is made from anhydrous ammonia and the end product in nearly all mammals
urea
59
it has 281% protein
UREA
60
it is a protein from single-celled organisms: yeast, bacteria, fungi
Single-celled protein (SCP)
61
it can can make 10 times as much protein as soybeans per acre
algae
62
can be destroyed by heat, sunlight, oxidation, mold growth
vitamins
63
vitamins for Adult Ruminants
VITAMINS: A D E synthesize: B, C, K vitamins sunlight = Vit. D.
64
It needs vitamin supplements
hogs
65
first milk given by mammals after parturition
colostrum
66
it is fortified with vitamins, minerals & antibiotics
Milk Replacers
67
it is acidulated soap stock, tallows, greases
fats and oils
68
it increases calories of ration, controls dust, lessens wear on feed mixing equip
fat
69
Substance when disolved in water enables solution to conduct electric
Electrolytes
70
increase palatability of reed intake many additive taste or smell bad
FLAVORING AGENTS
71
its for dairy cattle, occurs in all milk, not growth promotion
BST (bovine somatotropin)
71
chemical release release by a specific area of the body
hormones
72
for swine but similar to BST
PST porcine somatotropin
73
for not pregnant heifer supresses estrus
MGA (melengestrol acetate)
74
feed additives that change the metabolison within the rumen by altering the rumen
IONOPHORES
75
other additives of IONOPHORES
probiotics - microbial cultures steroids - increase muscle mass & eliminate tranquilizers - curbing activity
76
free from any contaminant that would otherwise reduce its nutritional value unfit for animal to consume
clean
77
good quality and of good price
affordable
78
what are the common methods of feed preparation
- cooking - steaming - cutting - fermenting - peletting
79
what are the common forms of feeds
- meal form - crumble form - pellet form
80
it grounds pellets into course
crumble form
81
the usual end products resulting from mixing of feedstuffs
meal form
82
process of compressing mash feeds with the aid of lives steam
pellet form
83
it is chopping, grinding, shredding. it is also easier to handle and less storage area
forage processing method
83
give some feed types
- booster/prestarter - starter - grower - finisher - layer - breeder - lactating

ZOOTC FINAL TERM (6 decks)

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