Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

MBIO162- Biodiversity > basic biodiversity > Flashcards

basic biodiversity Flashcards

(67 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

morphological species

A

Smallest natural populations permanently separated from each other by a distinct discontinuity in heritable characteristics.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

biological species

A

interbreeding natural population that do not successfully mate/reproduce with other groups.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

evolutionary species

A

single lineage of ancestor-descendent populations distinct from other such lineages and which has its own evolutionary tendencies and historical fate.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

OUTs

A

operational taxonomic units

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

rough species count

A

est 13.6 million

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

most animals are

A

insects

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Aristotle- 384-322 B.C.E

A

enquires into animals

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Theophrastus- 370-286 B.C.E

A

enquires into animals

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

carl linnaeus

A

hierarchical classification of life

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

darwin

A

evolution- introduction of relationships

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Whittaker 1960s

A

5 kingdom approach

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Woese 1970s

A

classification based on molecules (DNA/RNA)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

number of described species

A

1.74 million

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

species-area relationship

A

as size of geological area increases so does the number of species it contains

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

SEA Biodiversity (plants)

A

Very few, large photosynthetic organisms – mainly short lived, microscopic algae.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

LAND Biodiversity (plants)

A

Dominated by persistant long-lived ‘large’ flowering plants.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

SEA biodiversity (animals)

A

Dominant herbivores – micro (copepods).
Majority of large animals carnivorous.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

LAND Biodiversity (animals)

A

dominant herbivores can be large

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

SEA Biodiversity (grazing)

A

Grazing – ingestion of entire autotroph.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

LAND Biodiversity (grazing)

A

Grazing – rarely removes significant amounts of communities (indigestible, e.g. wood).

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

MARINE Food chain

A

average 5 links

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

LAND Food chain

A

average 3 links

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

which depth zone has the most distribution of marine biodiversity

A

Abyssal zone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

which depth zone has the least distribution of marine biodiversity

A

halal zone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Biogeographic region with the greatest biodiversity
Neotropics
26
local-regional size
local species richness tends to be an increasing function of regional richness
27
species richness with latitude
species (or genera or family) richness increases from high (temperate) to low (tropical) latitudes.
28
planktonic diversity
all three domains of life overall decline towards the poles driven by decreasing water temperatures
29
shallow water diversity
Coastal marine fish/bacteria- increase in species richness towards the equator Coral reef fish- no pattern Amphipods/isopods/bivalves- highest before reach equator
30
deep sea diversity
Increase in species richness towards the equator for a number of taxa bivalves, gastropods and isopods... but not all Foraminiferans- highest before reach equator
31
pelagic diversity
Increase in species richness towards the equator- ostrapods, euphausiids (krill), shrimp, fish (N-Hemisphere), bacteria, most pelagic taxa?
32
earliest animals | charcteristics/features
Strange shapes Sheet/leaf like Soft bodies (most) no mouth or gut Must contain photosynthetic algae Adapted to 'low level O2 levels? (I.e 7-10% present day)
33
Cambrian explosion
550mya- all major animal groups appeared arthropod/trilobites, graptolite (Hemichchordata), mollusc, brachiopod, chordate
34
diversification now causes
continents breaking up- increased area of continental shelf- appearance of shallow seas climate- warmer/ critical oxygen level? developmental genetics and origin of major phyla- huge mrphologial change
35
C.Post Cambrian | pattern and events
patterns- huge radiation major groups appear End: stabilization of many of the new groups Appearance of all the major groups including jawless fish and marine 'plants' Pattern- ORDOVICIAN (O)- PERMIAN (P) Huge increase in biodiversity Then 'stable' for ¼ billion years Little ecological specialization in sea
36
ordovician
appearance of jawed fish (cartiliginous and bony)
37
Silurian
first land plants
38
Devonian
'age of fish' first amphibians earliest insects
39
carboniferous
hge terrestrial forests dominate first reptiles
40
Paleozoic/Permian period | patterns and effects
EVENTS- Appearance of mammal-like reptiles Extinction of trilobites Permian (P)- Ended with largest biodiversity crash known End of paleozoic (early life)
41
mezozoic period | triassic, jurassic , cretaceous periods
Ended with largest Biodiversity crash known. Beginning of Mesozoic (‘middle life’). Rebirth of marine Biodiversity but with very different forms that increases (with blips) to the present day EVENTS- Triassic (T)- Marine: Expansion of shell breaking predators disruptive sediment movers Beginning of the ‘rule’ of 10 cm marine reptiles Terrestrial: beginning of the ruling reptiles (and dinosaurs) Jurassic (J): Age of the ruling reptiles Cretaceous (K): Extinction of ichthyosaurs, plesiosaurs, mesosaurs and ammonites Extinction of dinosaurs and flying reptiles
42
mezozoic period | triassic, jurassic , cretaceous periods
Ended with largest Biodiversity crash known. Beginning of Mesozoic (‘middle life’). Rebirth of marine Biodiversity but with very different forms that increases (with blips) to the present day EVENTS- Triassic (T)- Marine: Expansion of shell breaking predators disruptive sediment movers Beginning of the ‘rule’ of 10 cm marine reptiles Terrestrial: beginning of the ruling reptiles (and dinosaurs) Jurassic (J): Age of the ruling reptiles Cretaceous (K): Extinction of ichthyosaurs, plesiosaurs, mesosaurs and ammonites Extinction of dinosaurs and flying reptiles
43
triassic period
expansions of shell breaking predators sediment movers (disruptive) 'rule' or 10cm rbirth of marine biodiversity
44
terrestrial period
beginning of ruling reptiles and dinosaurs
45
jurassic period
age of ruling reptiles
46
Cretaceous period
extimction of ichthyosaurs, plesiosaurs, mesosaurs and ammonites extinction of dinosaurs and flying reptiles
47
post cambrian- CENOZOIC
Biodiversity continues to increase exponentially Paleogene (PG)- Beginning of the age of mammals and flowering plants (angiosperms) on land Neogene (N) & Quaternary (Q)- Age of insects, molluscs, fish (again) and one particular mammal
48
direct-use for biodiversity | 6 uses
food,medicine, biological control, industrial materials, recreational harvesting, ecotourism
49
number of flowering plant species
370,000 12,500 considered edible
50
what % of medicine is derived from natural products
35% ($385 billion. y-1)
51
Pacific Yew (*Taxus brevifolia*) medical use
contains taxol- anti-cancer drug (breast/ovarian)
52
medical use for venom (Tropical reef cone snails)/block ion channels
wide diversity of peptides
53
what natural enemies are used to control problem species
successful 30% weed biocontrol, 40% insect biocontrol
54
examples of biomimichy
termite mounds- air con systems burdock seeds- velcro
55
examples of recreational harvesting
hunting/fishing personal gardens
56
value of aquarium industry
$1 billion
57
how many zoos globally?
825 zoos 15k species
58
number of urban visitors to countryside
650 million day visits
59
indirect ecosystem services
Atmospheric regulation Climatic regulation Hydrological regulation Nutrient cycling Pest control Photosynthesis Pollination Soil formation/maintenance
60
world gross national product
$17 TRILLION
61
Relationship between species richness, species redundancy and resiliences
Seems that greater species richness increases -species redundancy. -resilience of ecosystem function through time (insurance effect) and so reliability of function.
62
principal causes for extinction
overexploitation habitat loss introduced species extinction cascades
63
objectives of CBD
1. Conservation of biological diversity 2. Sustainable use of its components 3. Equitable sharing of the benefits arising from the utilization of genetic resources.
64
when was the UK Biodiversity Action Plan launched?
1994
65
what article led countries to develop National Biodiversity strategies
Article 6
66
how many articles are in the CBD
42
67
Issues with *in situ *conservation
1. most areas too smal 2. protected areas biased 3. designated YES-protected NO (PAPER PARKS) 4. overall extent of existing conservation network improving but still too small

MBIO162- Biodiversity (6 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions