Basic Blood Flashcards
(39 cards)
What is blood made up of, which cells and what fluid?
Erythrocytes (RBC), Leukocytes (WBC) and Thrombocytes (platelets) and protein rich fluid (plasma)
What are the functions of blood (3)?
Deliver O2 to tissues and discard CO2
delivery hormones/ immune cells
Mantain homeostasis
What is the hematocrit, how is it obtained?
What is the percentage of each component of centrifuged blood?
Hematocrit is the RBC (erythrocytes) after centrifugaiton.
When blood is centrifuged, it divides into 3 sections, 55% plamsa (water, proteins), 1% leukocytes, platelets (middle), 44% erythrocytes, most dense at bottom of tube
What consists of blood plasma ?
90% water, 8% proteins **(Albumin), interstitial fluid derived from plasma
What are the main proteins in plasma and what is the difference between plasma and serum?
Main proteins are albumin, globulin, fibrinogen
Difference is that serum has no clotting factors (fibrinogen) and plasma does
What does plasma protein Albumin (50%) do?
Establishes colloid osmotic pressure (swelling), carrier protein for thyroxine, bilirubin, barbituates
What does plasma protein globulins (2) do?
Immunoglobulins (gamagobulins): immune response (antibodies)
Non-immune globulins (alpha/betaglobulins): maintain osmotic pressure & carrier proteins
Where are blood cells made and what are the 3 types?
Erythrocytes (RBC) Leukocytes (WBC) Thrombocytes (platelets) all made in bone marrow
What are the physiological components of erythrocytes?
- devoid of organelles, biconcave and extremely flexible
What do erythrocytes do?
Bind O2 to deliver to tissues and bind CO2 to remove from tissues
How long do erythrocytes live, and how are they removed?
They live for 120 days, 1% removed each day by phagocytes
What are the size of erythrocytes and how do they line up?
They are between 7-8microm, can fold and squeeze to get places, they’re lined up on top of eachother as a histological ruler
What are reticulocytes and when do they become erythrocytes?
Immature RBCs released into circulation with organelles (which you can see under microscope)
mature into erythrocytes in 24-48 hours
What is glycophorin C and what does it do?
An erythrocytes cytoskeleton integral membrane protein that attaches the cytockeletal protein network to cell membrane
What is Band 3 protein (dimer) and what does it do?
An erythrocytes cytoskeleton integral membrane protein that binds hemoglobin and is the anchor site for cytoskeletal proteins (MOST ABUNDANT)
What does a peripheral membrane protein do in the erythrocyte cytockeleton?
creates a latice network intracellularly
What is the erythrocyte intracellular latice network composed of ?
heterodimers that form long flexible tetramers, alph spectrin and beta spectrin
What does band 4.1 protein complex do in erythrocyte cytoskeleton?
binds to glycophorin C, which anchors spectrin filaments
What does ankyrin protein complex (ankryin and band 4.2 protein) do in the erythrocyte cytoskeleton?
binds to band 3 to help anchor spectrim filaments
When does anemia occur?
when the cytoskeleton is not properly anchored to the cell causing destruction of RBC
Or insufficient Fe, B12, Folic acid
What is hereditary spherocytosis (AD)?
Ankyrin complex, band 4.2 cannot bind to Band 3, resulting in defective anchoring, allowing membran to detach and peel off = spherical erythrocytes
What is hereditary elliptocytosis (AD)?
Spectrin to spectrin bonds and spectrin-ankyrin-band 4.1 are deffective, membrane fails to rebound and elongates = elliptical erythrocytes
What can be a cause of Jaundice (yellow appearance of sclera of eye and skin)?
Hemolytic Anemia, from inherited RBC defects to chemicals drugs and microorganisms, inefficiency of a newborn liver
What is sickle-cell anemia and what results from it?
point mutation in B-globin chain of hemoglobin A (HbA). changing glutamate to valine
