Basic Chem Review

Question 1

What is matter?

Answer 1

Anything that has mass and volume.

Matter is the physical substance that makes up the universe.

Question 2

Define an element.

Answer 2

A substance that can’t be broken down into simpler substances.

Elements are the fundamental building blocks of matter.

Question 3

What are properties in the context of chemistry?

Answer 3

Physical description of the element.

Properties can include characteristics such as color, density, and melting point.

Question 4

What does malleability refer to?

Answer 4

The ability of a substance to be deformed or molded into a different shape without breaking.

Malleability is a common property of metals.

Question 5

What does the term ‘chemical properties’ refer to?

Answer 5

The reactivity of the element (corrosion, oxidation).

Chemical properties determine how a substance interacts with other substances.

Question 6

Where are metals typically found on the Periodic Table?

Answer 6

On the left/middle of the Periodic Table.

Metals are generally good conductors of heat and electricity.

Question 7

What is the significance of electrons in ion formation?

Answer 7

Metals lose electrons when forming ions.

This loss of electrons results in a positive charge.

Question 8

Where are nonmetals typically found on the Periodic Table?

Answer 8

On the right side of the Periodic Table.

Nonmetals are usually poor conductors of heat and electricity.

Question 9

What happens to nonmetals when they form ions?

Answer 9

They gain electrons when forming ions.

This gain of electrons results in a negative charge.

Question 10

What is an atom?

Answer 10

Smallest particle of an element that retains the properties of that element.

Question 11

What is a cation?

Answer 11

A positively charged ion.

Question 12

What is an anion?

Answer 12

A negatively charged ion.

Question 13

What are isotopes?

Answer 13

Atoms of the same element that have different numbers of neutrons.

Question 14

What is a molecule?

Answer 14

A group of two or more atoms bonded together.

Question 15

Fill in the blank: A _______ is a positively charged ion.

Answer 15

cation

Question 16

Fill in the blank: A _______ is a negatively charged ion.

Answer 16

anion

Question 17

True or False: Isotopes have the same number of protons but different numbers of electrons.

Answer 17

False

Question 18

What is the charge of a cation?

Answer 18

Positive

Question 19

What is the charge of an anion?

Answer 19

Negative

Question 20

What is the significance of isotopes in chemistry?

Answer 20

They help in understanding chemical reactions and dating materials.

Question 21

Fill in the blank: An atom consists of protons, neutrons, and _______.

Answer 21

electrons

Question 22

What are the three main subatomic particles?

Answer 22

Protons, Neutrons, Electrons

Protons are positively charged, neutrons have no charge, and electrons are negatively charged.

Question 23

What is the charge of a proton?

Answer 23

+1

Protons carry a positive charge.

Question 24

What is the charge of a neutron?

Answer 24

0

Neutrons are neutral particles.

Question 25

What is the charge of an electron?

Answer 25

-1 ## Footnote Electrons carry a negative charge.

Question 26

Where are protons located in an atom?

Answer 26

Nucleus ## Footnote Protons reside in the nucleus of the atom.

Question 27

Where are neutrons located in an atom?

Answer 27

Nucleus ## Footnote Neutrons are also found in the nucleus.

Question 28

Where are electrons located in an atom?

Answer 28

Orbital ## Footnote Electrons orbit the nucleus in electron shells.

Question 29

What does atomic number represent in an atom?

Answer 29

Number of protons ## Footnote The atomic number is unique for each element.

Question 30

Fill in the blank: The atomic mass is the total mass of _______.

Answer 30

Protons and neutrons ## Footnote Electrons are negligible in mass compared to protons and neutrons.

Question 31

What is a compound?

Answer 31

A substance formed from two or more elements combined in a fixed ratio ## Footnote Example: H2O (2 hydrogen, 1 oxygen) and NaCl (1 sodium, 1 chlorine)

Question 32

What type of bonding involves the transfer of electrons?

Answer 32

Ionic bonding ## Footnote In ionic bonding, there are electron donors (cations) and acceptors (anions).

Question 33

What is a cation?

Answer 33

A positively charged ion ## Footnote Cations are formed when an atom loses one or more electrons.

Question 34

What is an anion?

Answer 34

A negatively charged ion ## Footnote Anions are formed when an atom gains one or more electrons.

Question 35

What is the result of ionic bonding?

Answer 35

A charge imbalance that leads to attraction between oppositely charged ions ## Footnote This attraction forms ionic compounds.

Question 36

What types of substances are considered ionic compounds?

Answer 36

Salts, acids, and bases ## Footnote Ionic compounds are crucial in various biological processes.

Question 37

How do ionic compounds behave in water?

Answer 37

They dissociate in water ## Footnote This property is significant as organisms are composed of 70-90% water.

Question 38

What is polarity in the context of chemistry?

Answer 38

Polarity refers to the distribution of electrical charge over the atoms joined by the bond.

Question 39

True or False: Polar molecules have an uneven distribution of charge.

Answer 39

True

Question 40

Fill in the blank: A molecule with a positive end and a negative end is called a __________ molecule.

Answer 40

polar

Question 41

Which of the following is an example of a polar molecule? (A) O2 (B) H2O (C) CO2

Answer 41

B) H2O

Question 42

What type of bond typically results in the formation of polar molecules?

Answer 42

Covalent bonds with unequal sharing of electrons.

Question 43

What is a hydrogen bond?

Answer 43

A hydrogen bond is a weak attractive force between a hydrogen atom covalently bonded to an electronegative atom and another electronegative atom.

Question 44

True or False: Hydrogen bonds are stronger than covalent bonds.

Answer 44

False

Question 45

Fill in the blank: Hydrogen bonds commonly occur between molecules containing _____ and _____ atoms.

Answer 45

hydrogen, electronegative

Question 46

Which of the following molecules can form hydrogen bonds? (a) H2O, (b) CO2, (c) NH3

Answer 46

a and c (H2O and NH3)

Question 47

What role do hydrogen bonds play in the properties of water?

Answer 47

Hydrogen bonds contribute to water's high boiling point, surface tension, and solvent properties.

Question 48

What is a chemical reaction?

Answer 48

A process that leads to the transformation of one set of chemical substances to another.

Question 49

True or False: In a chemical reaction, atoms are created and destroyed.

Answer 49

False

Question 50

Fill in the blank: A __________ is a substance that speeds up a chemical reaction without being consumed in the process.

Answer 50

catalyst

Question 51

Which of the following is an example of a chemical reaction? A) Melting ice B) Rusting iron C) Boiling water

Answer 51

B) Rusting iron

Question 52

What is the law of conservation of mass in relation to chemical reactions?

Answer 52

Mass is neither created nor destroyed in a chemical reaction.