Basic Chemistry

Question 1

Matter

Answer 1

anything that takes up space and has mass

Question 2

Mass

Answer 2

amount of matter in an object

Question 3

Weight

Answer 3

the gravitational force acting on a mass

Question 4

Element

Answer 4

simplest type of matter

Question 5

Around 96% of the human body weight is made up…

Answer 5

oxygen, nitrogen, carbon, and hydrogen

Question 6

Atomic number

Answer 6

amount of protons in each atom which equals the number of electrons

Question 7

Mass number

Answer 7

number of protons plus neutrons

Question 8

Isotope

Answer 8

two or more forms of same element with same number of protons, but different neutron number

Question 9

Atomic mass

Answer 9

average mass of naturally occurring isotopes

Question 10

Atoms interact to form molecules by…

Answer 10

sharing their outermost electrons to form chemical bonds

Question 11

The electron cloud is…

Answer 11

around an atom’s nucleus and is organized into electron shells

Question 12

Valence shell

Answer 12

the outermost shell

Question 13

Ionic bonding are..

Answer 13

an atoms’ exchange of electrons

Question 14

Covalent bonding

Answer 14

when two or more atoms share electron pairs

Question 15

Ion

Answer 15

an atom that loses or gains electrons

Question 16

Cation

Answer 16

a positively charged ion

Question 17

Anion

Answer 17

a negatively charged ion

Question 18

Molecule

Answer 18

two or more atoms combined to form a unit

Question 19

Compound

Answer 19

two or more different types of atoms combined to make a substance

Question 20

Molecular mass

Answer 20

atomic masses of its atoms or ions added together

Question 21

Single covalent bond

Answer 21

two atoms share one pair of electrons

Question 22

Polar covalent

Answer 22

electrons not shared equally

Question 23

Nonpolar covalent

Answer 23

electrons shared equally

Question 24

Solubility

Answer 24

the ability of one substance dissolving into another

Question 25

Seperation

Answer 25

cations are attracted to the negative ends and anions are attracted to the positive ends of water molecules

Question 26

Electrolyte

Answer 26

solutions made by the separation of cations and anions in water

Question 27

Nonelectrolyte

Answer 27

solutions made by molecules that dissolve in water, but do not separate or conduct electricity

Question 28

Anabolism

Answer 28

two or more reactants combine to form a new unit

Question 29

Catabolism

Answer 29

a large reactant is broken down into a smaller product

Question 30

Metabolism

Answer 30

the sum of all anabolic and catabolic reactions in the body

Question 31

Dehydration reaction

Answer 31

synthetic reaction where water is a product along with the larger molecule

Question 32

Hydrolysis

Answer 32

water splits into two parts

Question 33

Potential energy

Answer 33

energy stored in chemical bonds, used for work if allowed

Question 34

Kinetic energy

Answer 34

energy that does work and move matter

Question 35

Mechanical energy

Answer 35

energy resulting from the movement or position of an object

Question 36

Chemical energy

Answer 36

form of potential energy in the bonds of chemical bonds in a substance

Question 37

Thermal energy

Answer 37

energy flowing from different objects with different temperatures

Question 38

Catalyst

Answer 38

substances that increase the rate of chemical reactions