Basic Chemistry Flashcards
(31 cards)
Nutron
Neutral charge
Atom:
Smallest part of an element subatomic particle
Proton
Positive charge and found in the nucleus
Electron
Negative charge and found outside nucleus
Atomic number
Tells you how many protons (and electrons)
Bonds?
Put things together and take them apart
Covalent Bonds
Share electrons or gain or lose electrons ex) H2O
Ionic Bonds
Either gain or lose electrons, or ions ex) salt -> NaCl
Properties of water:
Polar?
Uneven distribution of charges
Properties of water:
Adhesion?
Can stick to other substances or things
Properties of water:
Cohesion?
Can stick to other things, even itself
Properties of water:
Solution?
Can combine things, but you can’t tell that you did.
Ex) kool aid
Properties of water:
Suspension?
You can mix but you can tell that you did.
Ex) oil and water {makes layers}
pH scale:
Acids?
Anything that can produce hydrogen ions or water {0-6 is an acid}
On pH paper, will turn paper red
pH scale:
Base?
Produce hydroxide ions {8-14 is a base}
On pH paper, will turn paper blue
pH scale:
Neutral?
{7 on pH scale}
Ex) blood, water
pH scale:
Buffers?
Weak acids/bases that react with strong acids/bases to prevent sudden sharp change in pH.
Ex) Rolex, Tums is an anacid to relieve heartburn
4 types of Carbon Compounds
- Carbohydrates
- Lipids
- Proteins
- Nucleic Acids
Carbohydrates?
- Simple sugars (sugars end in -ose)
- Used for energy
- Made up of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen
- Complex carbs= starches, bread, pasta
Lipids?
- Fats, oils, waxes
- Used to store energy and insulation
- Made up of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen
- Don’t dissolve in water
Proteins?
- Associated with meats
* Used for bone growth, muscle, and immune system
Nucleic Acids?
- RNA & DNA
- Deoxyribonucleic Acid
- Ribonucleic Acid
What is a polymer?
A group of monomers formed together
What is a monomer?
Smallest units
