Basic chemistry + water + separation

Question 1

What does the atomic number stand for?

Answer 1

The number of protons and electrons

Question 2

What does the atomic mass stand for?

Answer 2

The total mass of the protons and netrons. (overall mass of the element)

Question 3

How to find number of neutrons?

Answer 3

Mass - atomic number = # of neutrons

Question 4

What is a compound?

Answer 4

A molecule that is made up of 2 or more elements.

Question 5

What does the period (row number) tell us?

Answer 5

The number of orbitals

Question 6

What does the group (column number) tell us?

Answer 6

To determine how many electrons there are in the outer orbital.

Question 7

Law of conservation of matter states that…

Answer 7

atoms can neither be created nor destroyed, only transformed.

Question 8

Centrifuge

Answer 8

Separates a heterogeneous mixture by spinning at high speeds so that higher density components are separated from lower density components.

Question 9

Chromatography

Answer 9

Separating solutes in a solution by allowing the solution to travel up a piece of paper. The solutes separate based on how soluble they are in water.

Question 10

What is a heterogeneous mixture?

Answer 10

A mixture which has a non-uniform composition throughout its mass. You can see particles with the naked eye.
EX: fruit salad
oil and water
stenar i vatten

Question 11

What is a homogeneous mass?

Answer 11

A mixture that has a unifromcomposition throughout its mass. You can’t see the particles with the naked eye.
EX: table salt + water = saltwater
AIR
A cup of tea

Question 12

What does pH determine?

Answer 12

The concentration of dissolved hydrogen in a solution.

Question 13

To determine pH we can use…

Answer 13

pH paper, pH indicator solution, and a pH meter

Question 14

What does covalent bonding mean?

Answer 14

A bonding where two or more atoms SHARE electrons

Question 15

What does ionic bonding mean?

Answer 15

A bonding where two or more atoms DONATE an electron to the other atom participating in the bond

Question 16

Why is water a good solvent?

Answer 16

Water is polar, which makes it a good solvent for other polar molecules, such as sugar, and ionic compounds, like NaCl. It cannot dissolve nonpolar substances, like fats.

Question 17

What is an emulsion?

Answer 17

The bonding between two substances that generally don’t mix
EX: water and oil

Question 18

What is a saturated solution?

Answer 18

A type of solution in which the maximum amount of solute is dissolved into the solvent. Can result in the formation of a solid undissolved precipitate and a heterogeneous mixture.

Question 19

What is an unsaturated solution?

Answer 19

A type of solution in which less than the maximum amount of solute is dissolved into a solvent.

Question 20

What does the separation technique DISTILL imply?

Answer 20

When components of a solution are separated through evaporation and condensation

Question 21

What does the separation technique DECANT imply?

Answer 21

When a heterogeneous mixture is separated by allowing the solids to settle to the bottom and pouring the liquid off

Question 22

What does the separation technique FILTER imply?

Answer 22

When a heterogeneous mixture is separated by pouring it through a filter paper to separate solids from liquids.