Basic components of prokaryotic and eukaryotic cell

Question 1

The most primitive cell and have simple structural organization. Has single membrane system

Answer 1

Prokaryotic cell

Question 2

They are included in kingdom Monera and super kingdom Prokaryota

Answer 2

Prokaryotic cell

Question 3

They include bacteria, virus, blue-green algae, mycoplasmas, rickettsia, spirochetes, etc.

Answer 3

Prokaryotic Cell

Question 4

Size of prokaryotic cell

Answer 4

1-10 um

Question 5

3 main components of prokaryotic cell

Answer 5

outer covering, cytoplasm, nucleoid

Question 6

Composed of inner cell or plasma membrane, middle cell wall, and outer slimy capsule

Answer 6

Outer covering

Question 7

Made up of lipids and proteins; thin, flexible, and controls the movement of molecules across the cell

Answer 7

Cell membrane

Question 8

Rigid or semi-rigid non-living structure that surrounds the cell membrane; thickness between 1.5 to 100 um

Answer 8

Cell wall

Question 9

Chemically composed of peptidoglycans

Answer 9

Cell wall

Question 10

Gelatinous coat outside the cell wall

Answer 10

Slimy capsule

Question 11

Composed largely of polysaccharides and sometimes other compounds

Answer 11

Slimy capsule

Question 12

It protects the cell against desiccation, virus attacks, phagocytosis, and antibiotics

Answer 12

Slimy capsule

Question 13

Extends out of cell into the medium

Answer 13

Filament

Question 14

Composed of many intertwined spiral chains of the subunits of a protein

Answer 14

Flagellin

Question 15

Attaches the flagellin to the cell and generates the force to rotate it.

Answer 15

Basal body

Question 16

Parts of the basal body

Answer 16

Shaft and hook

Question 17

Evolved to have double membrane system

Answer 17

Eukaryotic cell

Question 18

One that surrounds the cell, celled cell, or plasma membrane

Answer 18

Primary membrane

Question 19

Surrounds the nucleus and other organelles

Answer 19

Secondary membrane

Question 20

Occur in protists, fungi, plants, and animals

Answer 20

Eukaryotic cell

Question 21

The human blood contains how many corpuscles

Answer 21

30 quadrillion

Question 22

A 60 kg human being has how many cells?

Answer 22

60 x 3 raised to 15

Question 22

This is where multicellular organisms begin their life

Answer 22

A single cell “Zygote”

Question 23

How do multicellular organism become multicellular?

Answer 23

Mitotic division during development

Question 24

The shape of the cell is correlated with?

Answer 24

Its functions like muscle or nerve cell

Question 25

Size of Eukaryotic cell

Answer 25

10 to 100 um

Question 26

Among the smallest cells having the size of 2 um long

Answer 26

Sporazoids of malaria parasite (Plasmodiom Vivax)

Question 31

SIze of ostrich egg

Answer 31

175 x 120 mm

Question 31

Size of human cells

Answer 31

20-30 um

Question 31

Size of nerve cell

Answer 31

10-25 um

Question 31

Thin elastic living covering that surrounds the cell and controls the transfer of material across it.

Answer 31

Plasma membrane or plasmalemma

Question 32

3 components of the Eukaryotic cell

Answer 32

Cell membrane, cytoplasm, nucleus

Question 33

Composed of lipid-protein complex, lacks respiratory enzymes, and allows endocytosis/exocytosis

Answer 33

Plasma (cell) membrane or plasmalemma

Question 34

Crucial for maintaining the cell's internal environment and controlling the passage of ions, nutrients, and waste products

Answer 34

Selective permeability

Question 35

Shields the cell's internal components from potentially harmful external factors

Answer 35

Cellular protection

Question 36

Facilitate the movement of specific molecules into or out of the cell

Answer 36

Transport of molecules

Question 37

This, proteins on the cell membrane, help cells adhere to one another and form tissues. Also crucial for the organization of multicellular organisms

Answer 37

Cell adhesion

Question 38

Signals specific molecules, initiating intercellular responses

Answer 38

Receptor function

Question 39

The cell's primary energy source

Answer 39

Adenosine triphosphate (ATP)

Question 40

Semi-fluid, homogenous, translucent, ground substance known as cytoplasmic matrix or cytosol which is present between cell membrane and the nucleus

Answer 40

Cytoplasm

Question 41

Outer firm layer of cytoplasm

Answer 41

ectoplasm

Question 42

Inner layer around the central fluid mass of the protozoan cell

Answer 42

Endoplasm

Question 43

Streaming movement in cytosol

Answer 43

Cylosis

Question 44

Organized structures having the specific functions, capacity of growth, and multiplication

Answer 44

Organelles

Question 45

Semi-autonomous organelle

Answer 45

Mitochondria

Question 46

Why is mitochondria called endo-symbiotic organelle?

Answer 46

DNA of mitochondria resembles the bacteria cell

Question 47

Rod like or globule shaped structures scattered in the cytoplasm found single or in groups

Answer 47

Mitochondria

Question 48

a clear zone around centrioles, near the nucleus, that includes a specialized portion of cytoplasm

Answer 48

Centrosphere

Question 49

The matrix that bears two rounded bodies the “centrioles”

Answer 49

Kinoplasm

Question 50

are paired barrel-shaped organelles located in the cytoplasm of animal cells near the nuclear envelope

Answer 50

Centrioles

Question 51

These are the stack of flattened parallel-arranged sacs and vesicles found in association of endoplasmic reticulum.

Answer 51

Golgi bodies

Question 52

In plant cells the Golgi complex is called... that secretes required materials for the formation of cell wall at the time of cell division

Answer 52

Dictyosome

Question 53

referred to as the "traffic police" of the cell because its enzymes sort out and modify cell's secretary proteins

Answer 53

Golgi apparatus

Question 54

s\is credited with being the first to observe plastids. In 1835, he used a microscope to identify these small, colored structures within plant cells.

Answer 54

Hugo von Mohl

Question 55

are a group of organelles found in plant cells, and they play various roles, including photosynthesis (in chloroplasts), storage of pigments (in chromoplasts), and the conversion of starch into sugar (in amyloplasts).

Answer 55

Plastids

Question 56

are the minute structures covering the surface in some cells.

Answer 56

Cilia

Question 57

Both cilia and flagella originate from the?

Answer 57

basal bodies or blepharoplast

Question 58

determine the cell shape and general organization of the cytoplasm, help in transport of water and ions, cytoplasmic streaming (cyclosis) and the formation of spindles during cell division.

Answer 58

Microtubules

Question 59

made up of 13 individual filaments.

Answer 59

Tubules

Question 60

They are mainly composed of ribonucleic acids (RNA) and protein. They are mainly responsible for protein synthesis

Answer 60

Ribosome

Question 61

is the fundamental unit of life, and it is the smallest structure that can carry out the basic functions necessary for an organism's survival

Answer 61

Cell

Question 62

prominent spherical organelle

Answer 62

Nucleus

Question 63

bears pores for the exchange of materials between the cytoplasm and the nucleoplasm.

Answer 63

Nuclear envelope

Question 64

a highly regulated membrane barrier that separates the nucleus from the cytoplasm in eukaryotic cells

Answer 64

Nuclear Envelope

Question 65

delicate membranous network in the cytoplasm.

Answer 65

Endoplasmic reticulum

Question 66

The people and year who noted a delicate membranous network in the cytoplasm.

Answer 66

1945, Porter, Claude and Fullman

Question 67

Given various names: Nissil substance, ergastoplasm, basophilic bodies

Answer 67

Endoplasmic reticulum

Question 68

Ribosomes are absent on the walls of ER

Answer 68

Smooth/agranular ER

Question 69

Size of the tubules

Answer 69

500-1000A in diameter

Question 70

characterized by the presence of ribosomes on the surface of reticulum - 400 - 500A

Answer 70

Rough/granular ER

Question 71

Who said cell is a structure containing a mass of cytoplasm surrounded by semi-permeable membrane called plasma membrane

Answer 71

Hans Ris in 1960s

Question 71

Who said cell is defined as unit of biological activity delimited by a semi permeable membrane and capable of self-reproduction in a medium free of other living system?

Answer 71

Loewy and Siekevitz 1963