Basic Concept of Polymer Science and Engineering

Question 1

substance composed of macromolecules

Answer 1

polymer (iupac definition)

Question 2

molecule of high
relative molecular mass, the structure of
which essentially comprises the multiple
repetition of units derived, actually or
conceptually, from molecules of low
relative molecular mass

Answer 2

macromolecule

Question 3

The term polymer stems from the _________ roots __________

Answer 3

Greek; poly (many) and
meros (part).

Question 4

designates a
molecule made up by the repetition of some simpler unit called a

Answer 4

mer

Question 5

long-chain molecule that is composed of a large
number of repeating units of identical structure.

Answer 5

polymer

Question 6

Polymers are prepared by joining a large number of small molecules called

Answer 6

monomers

Question 7

Polymer was coined by

Answer 7

jons Jacob Berzelius; 1833

Question 8

Polymer’s Modern definition by

Answer 8

Hermann
Staudinger, 1920

Question 9

The _________ recorded use of
_____________ as
the predominant early
natural plastic

Answer 9

Horners Company of
London; horn and tortoiseshell

Question 10

British explorers
discovered the_________ in
Central America.

Answer 10

Ancient
Mayan civilization

Question 11

The ________ assumed to be
among the first to find an
application for polymers,
as their children were
found playing with balls
made from local rubber
trees.

Answer 11

Mayans

Question 12

uses
rubber gum for
making waterproof
garments

Answer 12

Charles Macintosh, 1823

Question 13

identified a
compound extracted
from wood which he
named ______ .

Answer 13

Anselme Payen (1838); cellulose

Question 14

discovered polystyrene

Answer 14

Eduard Simon, 1839

Question 15

discovered
vulcanization by
combining natural
rubber with _________ and
heating it in 270o F

Answer 15

Charles Goodyear, 1839, sulfur

Question 16

Goodyear patents
the vulcanization of
rubber

Answer 16

1844

Question 17

synthesized
nitrocellulose
(nitrated cellulose)

Answer 17

Christian Friedrich
Schonbein, 1846

Question 18

patents the first thermoplastic
(____________) made by adding
plasticizer to nitrocellulose

Answer 18

Alexander Parkes, 1856, Parkesine

Question 19

produced celluloid from cellulose
nitrate mixed with camphor.

Answer 19

Hyatt brothers (John Wesley and Isaiah), 1868

Question 20

The celluloid was
unstable and subsequently led to the development of

Answer 20

cellulose acetate

Question 21

was the one of
the fist people to create polyvinyl chloride
(PVC).

Answer 21

Eugen Baumann, 1872

Question 22

was developed by
Cross and Bevan

Answer 22

Viscose silk (rayon), 1892

Question 23

_____________produced phenol-formaldehyde, the
first truly synthetic plastic, _________.

Answer 23

Leo Baekeland, 1907, Bakelite

Question 24

discovered polyvinyl acetate and
patented the manufacturing process for PVC

Answer 24

Fritz Klatte, 1912

Question 25

discovered how to make sheets and adhesives from poly(vinyl chloride)

Answer 25

B. F. Goodrich, 1926

Question 26

The start of vinyl age

Answer 26

1926

Question 27

, the first transparent sticky tape invented in US by 3M Company

Answer 27

Scotch tape, 1930

Question 28

The first industrially practical polyethylene synthesis was discovered (again by accident) in ______by ____________ at the ___________ works in Northwich, England

Answer 28

1933, Eric Fawcett and Reginald Gibson, Imperial Chemical Industries (ICI)

Question 29

in 1933, ___________resins were developed.

Answer 29

Melamine formaldehyde

Question 30

invented polyhexamethylene-adipamide.

Answer 30

Wallace Carothers

Question 31

polyhexamethylene-adipamide was named by Dupont .

Answer 31

nylon

Question 32

produced commercially viable polystyrene.

Answer 32

Wulff Brothers in Germany, 1936

Question 33

patented polyurethane.

Answer 33

Otto Bayer, 1937

Question 34

accidentally discovered polytetra fluroethylene (PTFE),

Answer 34

Roy Plunkett, 1938

Question 35

polytetrafluroethylene (PTFE) was trademarked as

Answer 35

teflon

Question 36

Polyetheylene terephthalate (PET), a saturated polyester patented by

Answer 36

John Rex Whinfield and James Tennant Dickson., 1941

Question 37

the polyethylene bag makes its first appearance

Answer 37

1950s

Question 38

Polyethylene terephthalate beverage bottles introduced

Answer 38

1973

Question 39

First Blue HDPE pressure pipes for potable water introduced into UK.

Answer 39

1980

Question 40

Nanotechnology, AirbusA380, iPod

Answer 40

2000 to 2010

Question 41

Scientists at _______University, Texas have created a new super polymer material that can stop a 9mm bullet and seal the hole behind it

Answer 41

Bullet proof polymer, Rice

Question 42

Developed by the __________ to mimic haemoglobin, for use in trauma situations where blood is needed quickly

Answer 42

University of Sheffield, plastics blood

Question 43

A polymer solar cell that can produce electricity from sunlight by the photovoltaic effect provides a lightweight, disposable and inexpensive alternative to traditional solar panels

Answer 43

Plastic Solar Cells

Question 44

Medical grade and implantable biomaterials such as PEEK will be used in neurological applications to help control epilepsy, Parkinson’s disease and brain trauma

Answer 44

Implantable Polymers

Question 45

Space Flights Lightweight carbon composite materials will be crucial in the realisation of sub-orbital tourist spacefligh

Answer 45

Commercial

Question 46

Body Parts Using plastic materials such as PMMA car parts can be printed at home and doctors can produce replica livers or kidneys for transplant patients

Answer 46

3d printed

Question 47

Organic light-emitting diodes are placed on plastic foil to create electronic devices with flexible displays

Answer 47

Flexible plastic screens

Question 48

In the future all driverless vehicles will be almost entirely constructed from plastic parts due to the light weighting properties they provide

Answer 48

Driverless Cars

Question 49

During the height of COVID-19, plastics companies were called upon to deliver over 50,000 bottles of hand sanitiser per week to the NHS

Answer 49

COVID-19

Question 50

Polymer age will continue as long as ____________ and other feedstocks are available

Answer 50

petroleum

Question 51

Selection involves such consideration as the

Answer 51

material properties service conditions service life; impact on the environment and health and safety; economics; appearance type of production production-related material behavior

Question 52

tragic space shuttle mission that occurred on _________

Answer 52

The Challenger, January 28, 1986

Question 53

The disaster apparently resulted from not choosing quite the

Answer 53

right rubber seal for the fuel system

Question 54

became rigid and lost its resilience/pliability at low temperatures and resulted in fuel seepage

Answer 54

O-ring seal

Question 55

Engineers are responsible to ensure that their choice of material will not endanger the user by, for example, breaking prematurely or by releasing toxic constituents or fail to perform suitably under the real conditions of use.

Answer 55

Assess product liability