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Polymer engineering > Basic Concept of Polymer Science and Engineering > Flashcards

Basic Concept of Polymer Science and Engineering Flashcards

1
Q

substance composed of macromolecules

A

polymer (iupac definition)

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2
Q

molecule of high
relative molecular mass, the structure of
which essentially comprises the multiple
repetition of units derived, actually or
conceptually, from molecules of low
relative molecular mass

A

macromolecule

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3
Q

The term polymer stems from the _________ roots __________

A

Greek; poly (many) and
meros (part).

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4
Q

designates a
molecule made up by the repetition of some simpler unit called a

A

mer

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5
Q

long-chain molecule that is composed of a large
number of repeating units of identical structure.

A

polymer

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6
Q

Polymers are prepared by joining a large number of small molecules called

A

monomers

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7
Q

Polymer was coined by

A

jons Jacob Berzelius; 1833

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8
Q

Polymer’s Modern definition by

A

Hermann
Staudinger, 1920

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9
Q

The _________ recorded use of
_____________ as
the predominant early
natural plastic

A

Horners Company of
London; horn and tortoiseshell

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10
Q

British explorers
discovered the_________ in
Central America.

A

Ancient
Mayan civilization

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11
Q

The ________ assumed to be
among the first to find an
application for polymers,
as their children were
found playing with balls
made from local rubber
trees.

A

Mayans

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12
Q

uses
rubber gum for
making waterproof
garments

A

Charles Macintosh, 1823

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13
Q

identified a
compound extracted
from wood which he
named ______ .

A

Anselme Payen (1838); cellulose

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14
Q

discovered polystyrene

A

Eduard Simon, 1839

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15
Q

discovered
vulcanization by
combining natural
rubber with _________ and
heating it in 270o F

A

Charles Goodyear, 1839, sulfur

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16
Q

Goodyear patents
the vulcanization of
rubber

A

1844

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17
Q

synthesized
nitrocellulose
(nitrated cellulose)

A

Christian Friedrich
Schonbein, 1846

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18
Q

patents the first thermoplastic
(____________) made by adding
plasticizer to nitrocellulose

A

Alexander Parkes, 1856, Parkesine

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19
Q

produced celluloid from cellulose
nitrate mixed with camphor.

A

Hyatt brothers (John Wesley and Isaiah), 1868

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20
Q

The celluloid was
unstable and subsequently led to the development of

A

cellulose acetate

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21
Q

was the one of
the fist people to create polyvinyl chloride
(PVC).

A

Eugen Baumann, 1872

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22
Q

was developed by
Cross and Bevan

A

Viscose silk (rayon), 1892

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23
Q

_____________produced phenol-formaldehyde, the
first truly synthetic plastic, _________.

A

Leo Baekeland, 1907, Bakelite

24
Q

discovered polyvinyl acetate and
patented the manufacturing process for PVC

A

Fritz Klatte, 1912

25
Q

discovered how to make sheets and
adhesives from poly(vinyl chloride)

A

B. F. Goodrich, 1926

26
Q

The start of vinyl age

A

1926

27
Q

, the first transparent sticky tape invented
in US by 3M Company

A

Scotch tape, 1930

28
Q

The first industrially practical polyethylene synthesis
was discovered (again by accident) in ______by ____________ at the ___________ works in Northwich, England

A

1933, Eric Fawcett and Reginald Gibson, Imperial Chemical
Industries (ICI)

29
Q

in 1933, ___________resins were
developed.

A

Melamine formaldehyde

30
Q

invented polyhexamethylene-adipamide.

A

Wallace Carothers

31
Q

polyhexamethylene-adipamide was named by Dupont .

A

nylon

32
Q

produced
commercially viable
polystyrene.

A

Wulff Brothers in
Germany, 1936

33
Q

patented polyurethane.

A

Otto Bayer, 1937

34
Q

accidentally
discovered polytetra
fluroethylene (PTFE),

A

Roy Plunkett, 1938

35
Q

polytetrafluroethylene (PTFE) was trademarked as

A

teflon

36
Q

Polyetheylene
terephthalate (PET),
a saturated polyester
patented by

A

John
Rex Whinfield and
James Tennant
Dickson., 1941

37
Q

the polyethylene bag makes its first
appearance

A

1950s

38
Q

Polyethylene terephthalate beverage bottles
introduced

A

1973

39
Q

First Blue HDPE pressure pipes for potable
water introduced into UK.

A

1980

40
Q

Nanotechnology, AirbusA380, iPod

A

2000 to 2010

41
Q

Scientists at _______University, Texas have created a new super polymer material that
can stop a 9mm bullet and seal the hole behind it

A

Bullet proof polymer, Rice

42
Q

Developed by the __________ to mimic haemoglobin, for use in trauma
situations where blood is needed quickly

A

University of Sheffield, plastics blood

43
Q

A polymer solar cell that can produce electricity from sunlight by the photovoltaic effect
provides a lightweight, disposable and inexpensive alternative to traditional solar panels

A

Plastic Solar Cells

44
Q

Medical grade and implantable biomaterials such as PEEK will be used in
neurological applications to help control epilepsy, Parkinson’s disease and brain trauma

A

Implantable Polymers

45
Q

Space Flights Lightweight carbon composite materials will be crucial in the realisation of sub-orbital tourist spacefligh

A

Commercial

46
Q

Body Parts Using plastic materials such as PMMA car parts can be printed at
home and doctors can produce replica livers or kidneys for transplant patients

A

3d printed

47
Q

Organic light-emitting diodes are placed on plastic foil to
create electronic devices with flexible displays

A

Flexible plastic screens

48
Q

In the future all driverless vehicles will be almost entirely constructed
from plastic parts due to the light weighting properties they provide

A

Driverless Cars

49
Q

During the height of COVID-19, plastics companies were called upon to
deliver over 50,000 bottles of hand sanitiser per week to the NHS

A

COVID-19

50
Q

Polymer age will continue as long as ____________ and
other feedstocks are available

A

petroleum

51
Q

Selection involves such consideration as the

A

material properties
service conditions
service life;
impact on the
environment and health and safety; economics;
appearance
type of production
production-related material behavior

52
Q

tragic space shuttle mission that
occurred on _________

A

The Challenger, January 28, 1986

53
Q

The disaster apparently resulted from not choosing quite the

A

right rubber seal for the fuel system

54
Q

became
rigid and lost its resilience/pliability at low temperatures and
resulted in fuel seepage

A

O-ring seal

55
Q

Engineers are responsible to ensure that
their choice of material will not endanger
the user by, for example, breaking
prematurely or by releasing toxic
constituents or fail to perform suitably
under the real conditions of use.

A

Assess product liability

56
Q
A

Polymer engineering (5 decks)

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