Basic Concept on Laboratory Biosafety and Biosecurity

Question 1

Become the code of practice for biosafety-the discipline addressing the safe handling and containment of infectious microorganisms and hazardous biological materials.

Answer 1

Biosafety in Microbiological and Biomedical Laboratories (BMBL)

Question 2

• Laboratory Bio risk Management Standard
• the first internationally recognized management standard to specifically address hazards associated with microbiological laboratories at all containment levels

Answer 2

CWA-15793:2008

Question 3

• Containment principles, technologies, and practices implemented to prevent unintentional exposure to pathogens and toxins, or their unintentional release

Answer 3

Laboratory Biosafety

Question 4

• Protection, control and accountability for valuable biological materials within laboratories, in order to prevent their unauthorized access, loss, theft, misuse, diversion or intentional release.

Answer 4

Laboratory Biosecurity

Question 5

is protecting people from dangerous pathogens

Answer 5

BIOSAFETY

Question 6

is protecting pathogens from bad people

Answer 6

BIOSECURITY

Question 7

Risk associated with biological materials

Answer 7

BIORISK

Question 8

A microorganism that is unlikely to cause human or animal disease.

Answer 8

Risk Group 1 (no or low individual and community risk)

Question 9

A pathogen that can cause human or animal disease but is unlikely to be a serious hazard to laboratory workers, the community, livestock or the environment. Laboratory exposures may cause serious infection, but effective treatment and preventive measures are available and the risk of spread of infection is limited.

Answer 9

Risk Group 2 (moderate individual risk, low community risk)

Question 10

A pathogen that usually causes serious human or animal disease but does not ordinarily spread from one infected individual to another. Effective treatment and preventive measures are available.

Answer 10

Risk Group 3 (high individual and community risk)

Question 11

A pathogen that usually causes serious human or animal disease and that can be readily transmitted from one individual to another, directly or indirectly. Effective treatment and preventive measures are not usually available

Answer 11

Risk Group 4 (high individual and community risk)

Question 12

• Basic teaching research
• GMT
• None; open bench work

Answer 12

Basic- Biosafety Level 1

Question 13

• Primary health services; diagnostic services, research
• GMT plus protective clothing, biohazard sign
• Open bench plus BSC for potential aerosols

Answer 13

Basic- Biosafety Level 2

Question 14

• Special diagnostic services, research
• As level 2 plus special clothing controlled access, directional airflow
• BSC and/or other primary devices for all activities

Answer 14

Containment- Biosafety Level 2

Question 15

• Dangerous pathogen units
• As Level 3 plus airlock entry, shower exit, special waste disposal
• Class III BSC, or positive pressure suits in conjunction with class II BSCs, double ended autoclave (through the wall), filtered air.

Answer 15

Maximum containment- Biosafety Level 4

Question 16

Dangerous and exotic, posing a high risk of aerosol- transmitted infection. Infections caused by these microbes are frequently fatal and without treatment or vaccines.
Example: Ebola, Smallpox.

Answer 16

BSL-4

Question 17

• Microbes there can be either indigenous or exotic, and they can cause serious or potentially lethal disease through respiratory transmission.
  Example: HIV, H1N1 Flu, Yersinia pestis (The Plague), Tuberculosis, SARS, Rabies, West Nile Virus, Ricketts.

Answer 17

BSL-3

Question 18

• Moderate potential hazard to personnel and environment. Includes bacteria and viruses that cause only mild disease to human, or are difficult to contact via aerosol in a lab setting

Example: Most Chlamydiae, hepatitis A, B, and C, Influenza A, Lyme disease, Salmonella, mumps, and measles.

Answer 18

BSL-2

Question 19

• Not known to consistently cause disease in health adult humans, and of minimal potential Hazard to Laboratory Personnel and the environment.
  Example: canine hepatitis, non-pathogenic Escherichia coli, and non-infectious bacteria.

Answer 19

BSL-1

Question 20

• System or process to control safety and security risks associated with the handling or storage and disposal of biological agents and toxins in laboratories and facilities

Answer 20

Laboratory Biorisk Management

Question 21

Key Components of Biorisk Management

Answer 21

• Biorisk Assessment
• Biorisk Mitigation
• Biorisk Performance

Question 22

• Process of identifying the hazards and evaluating the risks associated with biological agents and toxins, taking into account the adequacy of any existing controls, and deciding whether or not the risks are acceptable

Answer 22

Biorisk Assessment

Question 23

-Actions and control measures that are put into place to reduce or eliminate the risks associated with biological agents and toxins

Answer 23

Biorisk Mitigation

Question 24

-Improving biorisk management by recording, measuring, and evaluating organizational actions and outcomes to reduce biorisk.

Answer 24

Biorisk Performance

Question 25

* identify the specific hazard or threat * determine the consequences of an identified risk * identify all the existing controls and any

Answer 25

RISK ASSESSMENT

Question 26

identify all the risks : 5Ps

Answer 26

 Pathogen  Procedures  Personnel  PEP  Lace

Question 27

is an object that can cause harm

Answer 27

hazard

Question 28

is a person who has intent and/or ability to cause harm to other people, animals, or the institution

Answer 28

threat

Question 29

can be based on either a hazard and/or a threat

Answer 29

risk

Question 30

The likelihood of an undesirable event happening, that involves a specific hazard or threat and has consequences

Answer 30

Risk

Question 31

No injuries, low financial loss

Answer 31

Insignificant

Question 32

First aid treatment, on site release immediately contained

Answer 32

Minor

Question 33

Medical treatment required, on site release contained with outside assistance, high financial loss

Answer 33

Moderate

Question 34

Extensive injuries, loss of production capability, off site release with no detrimental effect, major financial loss

Answer 34

Major

Question 35

Death, toxic release off site with detrimental effect, huge financial loss

Answer 35

Catastrophic

Question 36

Agent Properties

Answer 36

 Pathogenicity  Virulence  Host range  Communicability  Transmission  Environmental Stability

Question 37

 PPE  Training  SOPs  Equipment used

Answer 37

Procedures

Question 38

* Suppose you are working with a seasonal influenza virus, conducting testing on a human respiratory specimen, on the bench-top, with no respiratory protection. * What is the likelihood of exposure? * What are the consequences of exposure? * What are some factors that should be considered?

Answer 38

Risk Characterization

Question 39

Risk Evaluation is the process of determining, subjectively, whether a risk is high or low, and whether it’s acceptable or not.

Answer 39

Risk Evaluation

Question 40

Risk identification Hazard/ threat identification Likelihood evaluation Consequences evaluation

Answer 40

Assessment

Question 41

Elimination or substitution Engineering controls Administrative controls Practices and procedures personal protective equipment

Answer 41

Mitigation

Question 42

Control Assurance Improvement

Answer 42

Performance

Question 43

Removing the risk

Answer 43

Elimination

Question 44

Substitution of a serious pathogen with one this is much less pathogenic

Answer 44

Substitution

Question 45

Physical changes to work stations, equipment , materials, production facilities, or any other relevant aspects of the work environment that reduce or prevent exposure to hazards

Answer 45

Controls: Engineering

Question 46

Policies, standards and guidelines

Answer 46

Administrative

Question 47

Process and activities

Answer 47

Practice and Procedures

Question 48

Device worn by the worker to protect against hazards

Answer 48

PPE

Question 49

o Last control in the hierarchy of controls o Should be used with other controls. o However, in many laboratories it is the first control implemented, and sometimes the only control

Answer 49

* PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT (PPE)

Question 50

o Breaking the chain to manage the risk o Pathogen o Reservoir of pathogen o Portal of escape o Transmission o Route of entry/infectious dose o Susceptible host

Answer 50

Points to consider