Basic Concepts Flashcards
(21 cards)
What is a general formula?
The simplest algebraic formula of a member of a homologous series.
What is a structural formula?
The minimal detail that shows the arrangement of atoms in a molecule.
What is a displayed formula?
The relative positioning of atoms and the bonds between them.
What is skeletal formula?
The simplified organic formula, shown by removing hydrogen atoms from alkyl chains, leaving just a carbon skeleton and associated functional groups.
What is a homologous series?
A series of organic compounds having the same functional group but with each successive member differing by CH2.
What is a functional group?
A group of atoms responsible for the characteristic reactions of a compound.
What is the formula of an alkyl group?
CnH2n+1
What is an aliphatic compound?
A compound containing carbon and hydrogen joins together in straight chains, branched chains or non-aromatic rings.
What is an alicyclic compound?
An aliphatic compound arranged in non-aromatic rings with or without side chains.
What is an aromatic compound?
A compound containing a benzene ring.
What is a saturated hydrocarbon?
A compound that contains single carbon-carbon bonds only.
What is an unsaturated hydrocarbon?
Contains at least one double or triple carbon-carbon bond.
What is a structural isomer?
Compounds with the same molecular formula but different structural formula.
What are the 3 types of structural isomer?
Chain isomer, positional isomer and functional group isomer.
What is bond fission?
The breaking of a covalent bond.
What is homolytic fission?
Where each bonding atom receives one electron from the shared pair, forming two radicals.
What is heterolytic fission?
Where one atom in the bonding pair receives both electrons from the shared pair.
What is formed heterolytic fission?
Ions.
What is a radical?
A species with an unpaired electron.
What is used to represent species that are radicals in mechanisms?
Dots.
What does a curly show in a reaction mechanism?
The movement of an electron pair.
