Basic Concepts

Question 1

treaty or study of nutrition. Not to be confused with nutrition that is the study topic

Answer 1

Nutriology

Question 2

Professional

Answer 2

nutritionist

Question 3

process of obtaining, assimilating, and utilizing nutrients for the growth and maintenance of the body.
unconscious and involuntary

Answer 3

Nutrition

Question 4

process of taking food into the mouth. Initiation of the digestive process, allow the body to receive nutrients for energy, growth and maintenance

Answer 4

Ingestion

Question 5

Voluntary process

Answer 5

Ingestion

Question 6

organs, tissues, or secretions that contain appreciable quantities of bioavailable nutrients.

Answer 6

Food

Question 7

set of biological, psychological and sociological processes related to the ingestion of food through which the organism obtains from the environment the nutrients it needs as well as the intellectual, emotional, aesthetic, and sociocultural satisfaction that are indispensable for a full human life.

Answer 7

Diet (alimentacion)

Question 8

can be synthesized by the body if appropriate precursors are available

Answer 8

Dispensable nutrients in the diet

Question 9

Dispensable nutrients in the diet

Answer 9

NO LO NECESITO consumir
* amino acids
* glucosa
* lipids

Question 10

nutrients cannot be synthesized by the body

Answer 10

indispensable nutrients in the diet

Question 11

indispensable nutrients in the diet

Answer 11

LO NECESITO
* amino acids
* fatty acids
* vitamins
* inorganic nutrients
* water

Question 12

Macro and micro

Answer 12

Nutrients

Question 13

needed in gram quantities in the diet

chos, proteins, lipids

Answer 13

Macro nutrients

Question 14

needed in milligram or microgram amounts in the diet

Vitamins & minerals

Answer 14

Micro nutrients

Question 15

process of breaking down food into smaller, absorbable components.

Mechanical and chemical processes

Answer 15

Digestion

Question 16

physical breakdown of food into smaller particles through chewing, grinding, and the churning of food particles, making them more accessible for chemical digestion and absorption

Answer 16

Mechanical digestion

Question 17

breakdown of complex molecules into simpler ones through the action of enzymes and digestive juices.

Answer 17

Chemical digestion

Question 18

Converting Chos into sugars, proteins into amino acids, and fats into fatty acids and glycerol, making these nutrients absórbale

Answer 18

Chemical digestion

Question 19

process in which nutrients are taken up by the cells of the digestive tract and transported into the bloodstream, facilitating their distribution to cells and tissues throughout the body for energy production, growth and repair.

Answer 19

Absorption

Question 20

the incorporation and utilization of absorbed nutrients by cells for various physiological functions.
Is where the nutrients become an integral part of the body’s cells and are used for energy production, tissue repair, and the maintenance of overall health.

Answer 20

Assimilation

Question 21

dietary energy intake required for growth or maintenance of a person of a defined age, sex, weight, height, and level of physical activity.

Answer 21

Energy requirement

Question 22

the ratio of energy intake to the energy required by the body.

Answer 22

Energy expenditure

Question 23

The body must maintain a balance in the energy…:

Answer 23

the energy consumed = energy used

Question 24

exceso de energía = se guarda

Answer 24

En forma de triglicéridos, grasa

Question 25

REE

Answer 25

Resting Energy Expenditure

Question 26

Components of energy expenditure

Answer 26

REE + TEF + TA = TEE

Question 27

TEF

Answer 27

Thermic Effect of food

Question 28

TA

Answer 28

Thermogeny by activity

Question 29

TEE

Answer 29

Total Energy Expenditure

Question 30

70-80% of TEE

Answer 30

= Resting energy expenditure

Question 31

BMR is also called

Answer 31

REE It means Basal Metabolic Rate

Question 32

Energy expended at rest to maintain essential physiological functions respiration, circulation, Synthesis of organic compounds and pumping of ions across membranes

Answer 32

BMR / REE

Question 33

REE is influence by:

Answer 33

influenced by age, gender, body composition (muscle and fat) and genetics

Question 34

Energy expended during the digestion, absorption and utilization of nutrients from food Composition of the diet

Answer 34

TEF Thermic effect of food

Question 35

10% of the TEE

Answer 35

TEF

Question 36

Energy is consumed during physical activity, including exercise and daily movements

Answer 36

AT Activity Thermogenesis

Question 37

Other factors that alter AT

Answer 37

Environmental Factors - climate - altitude (higher alt, + EE) Health Status -illness and injury

Question 38

Set of chemical reactions of nutrients after being absorbed by the intestine

Answer 38

MEtabolism

Question 39

It includes anabolism and catabolism

Answer 39

Metabolism

Question 40

set of biochemical reactions by which the organism degrades substrates and obtains smaller molecules with the consequent **release** of energy (large molecules - smaller)

Answer 40

Catabolism

Question 41

set of metabolic reactions leading to the **synthesis** of compounds necessary for the growth, development or maintenance of an organism. (Smaller - larger molecules)

Answer 41

Anabolism

Question 42

Also known as Quetelets index Ratio established by dividing body weight expressed in kg by height expressed in meters squared

Answer 42

BMI Body mass index

Question 43

Weight / Height 2

Answer 43

BMI

Question 44

Condition in which the actual weight exceeds the expected upper limit for height. It is not necessarily an indicator of obesity, as high body weight may be due to other factors such as musculature and skeletal development, fluid accumulation, and even tumors The finding of excess weight requires a careful physical examination and quantification of the amount of body fat

Answer 44

Excess weight (overweight)

Question 45

Disease characterized by excess adipose tissue in the body. In essence, obesity occurs due to the ingestion of energy in quantities greater than those expended, accumulating the excess in the form of fat. It is a risk factor for other chronic degenerative diseases such as dyslipidemia, type 2 diabetes mellitus, arterial hypertension and certain neoplasms

Answer 45

Obesity

Question 46

Dietary habits that, according to the accepted knowledge in the field

Answer 46

Proper nutrition

Question 47

Law of quantity determines the amount of food that is necessary to meet the energy requirements of the human body, and thus maintain a balance. Correct amount of food and physical activity will guarantee a long and healthy life

Answer 47

Laws of correct nutrition

Question 48

food must be complete and healthy to keep the organism as an indivisible unit. For this, the body needs protein, chos, lipids, vitamins, minerals and water.

Answer 48

Law of quality

Question 49

the proportion of food to each other is correct, to maximize the benefit of each of them. That is to say the amount of nutrients must be in balance

Answer 49

Law of harmony

Question 50

food should be adequate to the nutritional, social and psychological needs of individuals

Answer 50

Law of adequacy

Question 51

Healthy diet

Answer 51

- sufficient - balanced - adequate - innocuous - complete - varied