Basic concepts

Question 1

what is logic

Answer 1

the organized body of knowledge, or science that evaluates arguments

Question 2

What is an argument

Answer 2

A group of statements, one or more of which (the premises) are claimed to provide support for, or reasons to believe, one of the other (the conclusion).

Question 3

What is a statement

Answer 3

A sentence that is either true or false

Question 4

What is a premises

Answer 4

Statements tha set forth the reason or evidence

Question 5

What is a conclusion

Answer 5

The statement that the evidence is claimed to support or imply.

Question 6

Therefor

Answer 6

conclusion indicater

Question 7

wherefore

Answer 7

conclusion indicater

Question 8

thus

Answer 8

conclusion indicater

Question 9

consequently

Answer 9

conclusion indicater

Question 10

we may infer

Answer 10

conclusion indicater

Question 11

accordingly

Answer 11

conclusion indicater

Question 12

we may conclude

Answer 12

conclusion indicater

Question 13

it must be that

Answer 13

conclusion indicater

Question 14

for this reason

Answer 14

conclusion indicater

Question 15

so

Answer 15

conclusion indicater

Question 16

entails that

Answer 16

conclusion indicater

Question 17

hence

Answer 17

conclusion indicater

Question 18

it follows that

Answer 18

conclusion indicater

Question 19

implies that

Answer 19

conclusion indicater

Question 20

as a result

Answer 20

conclusion indicater

Question 21

since

Answer 21

premise indicator

Question 22

as indicated by

Answer 22

premise indicator

Question 23

because

Answer 23

premise indicator

Question 24

for

Answer 24

premise indicator

Question 25

in that

Answer 25

premise indicator

Question 26

may be inferred from

Answer 26

premise indicator

Question 27

as

Answer 27

premise indicator

Question 28

given that

Answer 28

premise indicator

Question 29

seeing that

Answer 29

premise indicator

Question 30

for the reason that

Answer 30

premise indicator

Question 31

inasmuch as

Answer 31

premise indicator

Question 32

owing to

Answer 32

premise indicator

Question 33

~

Answer 33

tilde - negation (not, it is not the case that)

Question 34

• (dot)

Answer 34

dot - conjuction (and, also, moreover)

Question 35

v

Answer 35

wedge - disjunction (or, unless)

Question 36

⊃

Answer 36

horeshoe - implication (if…. then…, only if)

Question 37

≡

Answer 37

triple bar - equivalence (if and only if)

Question 38

rule 1

Answer 38

the middle term must be distributed at least once

Question 39

Rule 2

Answer 39

If a term is distributed in the conclusion, then it must be distributed premise

Question 40

Rule 3

Answer 40

Two negative premises ar not allowed

Question 41

Rule 4

Answer 41

A negative premise requires a negative conlcusion, and a negative conclusion requires a negative premise

Question 42

Rule 5

Answer 42

if both premises are universal, the conclusion cannot be particular

Question 43

P(A or not A) =

Answer 43

1

Question 44

P(A and not A) =

Answer 44

0

Question 45

P(Aand B) = (when A and B are independent)

Answer 45

P(A) x P(B)

Question 46

P(A and B) =

Answer 46

P(A) X P(B given A)

Question 47

P(A or B) = (when A and B are mutually exclusive)

Answer 47

P(A) + P(B)

Question 48

P(Aor B) =

Answer 48

P(A) + P(B) - P(A and B)

Question 49

P(A) =

Answer 49

1 - P (not A)

Question 50

and

Answer 50

dot

Question 51

also

Answer 51

dot

Question 52

but

Answer 52

dot

Question 53

however

Answer 53

dot

Question 54

yet

Answer 54

dot

Question 55

still

Answer 55

dot

Question 56

moreover

Answer 56

dot

Question 57

although

Answer 57

dot

Question 58

nevertheless

Answer 58

dot

Question 59

or

Answer 59

wedge

Question 60

unless

Answer 60

wedge

Question 61

if…. then ….

Answer 61

horseshoe

Question 62

Only if

Answer 62

horseshoe

Question 63

in case

Answer 63

horseshoe

Question 64

provided that

Answer 64

horseshoe

Question 65

given that

Answer 65

horseshoe

Question 66

on condition that

Answer 66

horseshoe

Question 67

implies

Answer 67

horseshoe

Question 68

rule on “if”

Answer 68

“if” is always the antecedent, and the statement that follows “only if” is always the consequent.

Question 69

sufficient and necessary

Answer 69

SUN

Question 70

if and only if

Answer 70

Triple bar

Question 71

is sufficient and necessary condition for

Answer 71

Triple bar

Question 72

Not either S or T

Answer 72

~(S v T)

Question 73

Not both S and T

Answer 73

~(S•T)

Question 74

not

Answer 74

~

Question 75

it is not the case that

Answer 75

~

Question 76

it is false that

Answer 76

~

Question 77

and

Answer 77

•

Question 78

yet

Answer 78

•

Question 79

but

Answer 79

•

Question 80

however

Answer 80

•

Question 81

moreover

Answer 81

•

Question 82

nevertheless

Answer 82

•

Question 83

stil

Answer 83

•

Question 84

also

Answer 84

•

Question 85

although

Answer 85

•

Question 86

both

Answer 86

•

Question 87

additionally

Answer 87

•

Question 88

furthermore

Answer 88

•

Question 89

or

Answer 89

V

Question 90

unless

Answer 90

V

Question 91

sufficient conditioin for

Answer 91

SUN

Question 92

necessary condition

Answer 92

SUN