Basic Concepts Flashcards
(17 cards)
What is a hydrocarbon? And what are the 5 different hydrocarbons?
A compound that contains only Carbon and Hydrogen.
Saturated Aliphatic Hydrocarbon, Saturated alicyclic hydrocarbon, unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbon, unsaturated alicyclic hydrocarbon, aromatic hydrocarbon.
What is a saturated aliphatic hydrocarbon?
Contain a single carbon bond. Aliphatic as contain straight or branched chains.
Called alkanes
General formula CnH2n+2
What is a saturated alicyclic hydrocarbon?
Alicyclic as contain carbon atoms bonded together to form rings.
Compounds called cycloalkanes
General formula CnH2n
What are unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons?
Unsaturated as contain multiple bonds between carbon atoms.
If bonds are double, compounds called alkenes. If bonds are triple, compounds called alkynes.
General formula CnH2n
What are unsaturated alicyclic hydrocarbons?
Compounds called cycloalkenes
General formula CnH2n-2
What are aromatic hydrocarbons?
Contain a benzene ring.
What is a functional group and different functional groups?
The part of a molecule responsible for its chemical reactions.
Alkane: C-C : -ane
Alkene: C=C : -ene
Halogenoalkane: -F , -Cl, -Br, - I : Fluoro- Chloro- Bromo- Iodo-
Alcohol: -OH : -ol
Aldehyde: -al
Ketone: -one
Carboxylic acid: COOH : -oic acid
What are homologous series?
A series of organic compounds with the same functional group but each successive member differing by -CH2.
All members of homologous series have similar chemical properties as all contain same functional group.
E.g. propene is member of alkenes.
What are the names associated with number of carbon atoms?
1 meth
2 eth
3 prop
4 but
5 pent
6 hex
7 hept
8 oct
9 non
10 dec
What do you look for when naming alkanes? And alkenes?
- longest unbranched chain of carbons
- side chains
More than one alkyl group listed ALPHABETICALLY - alkenes say position of C=C bond.
Whats empirical formula?
The simplest whole number ration of atoms of each element in a compound
What is molecular formula?
The actual number of atoms of each element present in a compound
Whats general formula?
The simplest algebraic formula for any member of a homologous series.
Alkanes: CnH2n+2
Alkenes: CnH2n
Alcohols: CnH2n+2O
What is displayed formula?
Shows all the bonds and how all the atoms are joined together in the structure. ( must show all bonds)
What is the structural formula?
Shows the minimum detail required for arrangement of atoms in a structure. E.g. CH3(CH2)2CH3
What is the skeletal formula?
The simplified organic formula with hydrogen atoms removed from the carbon chains.
What is structural isomerism and what are the different types?
Molecules with the same molecular formula but a different structural formula.
Chain: chain can be branched/unbranched. Has different structural formula.
Positional: functional group in a different position along main chain.
Functional: functional group may be different
