Basic Concepts

Question 1

What is the rate of all accidents caused by human error?

Answer 1

70-80%

Question 2

When were accdients mostly, technical? Human? Systematic/organisational?

Answer 2

technical: 50’s
human: 70’s
systematic/organisation: 2000’s+

Question 3

What is the 1:600 ratio?

Answer 3

1 fatal accident for every 600 incidents

Question 4

What is an active error?

Answer 4

an error performed with an immediate realisation and reversable consequence, such as pilot error.

Question 5

What is Latent Error?

Answer 5

An undetecgted error within the system that can lay dorment until the right conditions active the error.

Question 6

What is James Reason’s Swiss cheese model?

Answer 6

The idea that a potential accident slips through several vulnerble ‘security barriers’. When it has pass through them all, the accident occurs.

Question 7

What is the Shell model? (Edwards 1972)

Answer 7

The Shell model examines the interface between humans and machines

S - software - the way information is presented eg: checklists

H- Hardware - How you interact with the machine ergonomically.

E - Environment - env factors affecting the human eg: noise, temp, weather etc.

L - Liveware - The pilot/human in the middle of the model
L- Liveware - The other humans than the pilot must interact with eg: ATC, cabin crew etc.

Question 8

What phases of flight do most accidents occur?

Answer 8

taxi to climb and descent to taxi.

Question 9

What is CFIT and what device has reduced this problem?

Answer 9

Controlled Flight into Terrain is when an aircraft is piloted rroniously into terrain.

GPWS - Ground Proximity Warning System has reduced this accidents significantly sinced the 80’s by giving the pilots an aural warning.

Question 10

What is threat and error management?

Answer 10

EDIT