basic concepts

Question 1

what is the focus on with indiv differences

Answer 1

what makes someone unique/ how they differ from others

Question 2

how does personality psych differ from many other areas

Answer 2

it focuses on differences rather than similarities/averages

Question 3

why are our implicit theories on someones personality non scientific

Answer 3

• causal
• non systematic
• non random

Question 4

are individual differences just referring to personality

Answer 4

no. personality it a type of individual difference. can include other things eg height

Question 5

what sort of psychological constructs does individual differences psych look at

Answer 5

latent/unobservable constructs

Question 6

examples of indiv differences studied

Answer 6

personality/intelligence

Question 7

examples of how ID might be measured

Answer 7

psychometric tests, questionnaires, inventories

Question 8

why is measuring ID useful

Answer 8

predict behaviour in wide variety of settings

Question 9

in what terms does ID explain differences between people

Answer 9

in terms of underlying psych predispositions

Question 10

what do ID suggest differences in thinking and behaviour lead to

Answer 10

differences in way they act

Question 11

ID what do we study in order to predict behaviour

Answer 11

behavioural patterns

Question 12

personality theories view differences between people in terms of…

Answer 12

traits

Question 13

how are psych characteristics classified by personality theorists

Answer 13

taxonomies

Question 14

‘a dynamic organisation, inside the person, of psychophysical systems that create the persons characteristic patterns of behaviour, thoughts and feelings’ whos definiton of personality?

Answer 14

Allport (1961)

Question 15

personality is a and s

Answer 15

active (dynamic organisation) and structured

Question 16

personality traits are ……… variables

Answer 16

latent

Question 17

why is personality physical

Answer 17

it involves our brain and body

Question 18

personality is a central component which…..

Answer 18

influences how we interact with and respond to the world

Question 19

what is the dominant paradigm in personality psychology

Answer 19

the trait approach

Question 20

how stable and consistent do traits need to be

Answer 20

relatively stable across time and environment

Question 21

personality traits refer to………. to act in terms of interests, character and values

Answer 21

general predispositions

Question 22

what is this the definition of ‘the ability to solve problems that contribute towards successful adaptation to the real world’

Answer 22

intelligence

Question 23

how is intelligence assesed

Answer 23

ability measures

Question 24

what is intelligence used to determine

Answer 24

differences in potential and competence

Question 25

why are the aims of research in intelligence pragmatic?

Answer 25

predict success and failure

Question 26

intelligence research works to understand and predict ID related to problem solving, adaptation and

Answer 26

competition

Question 27

why are intelligence researchs’ controversial origins

Answer 27

the first research was related to eugenics

Question 28

example of continuum

Answer 28

licket scale