Basic Concepts and Hydrocarbons definitions

Question 1

Nomenclature

Answer 1

is the naming system for compounds

Question 2

Homologous series

Answer 2

a series of organic compounds that have the same functional group with successive members differing by CH2

Question 3

aliphatic hydrocarbon

Answer 3

a hydrocarbon with carbon atoms joined together in straight or branched chains or non aromatic rings

Question 4

alicyclic hydrocarbon

Answer 4

a hydrocarbon with carbon atoms joined together in a ring structure with or without side chains

Question 5

aromatic hydrocarbon

Answer 5

contain at least one benzene ring

Question 6

saturated

Answer 6

organic compounds that contain only single covalent bonds and are a made of carbon and hydrogen atoms

Question 7

functional group

Answer 7

a group of atoms that is responsible for the characteristic chemical reactions of a compound

Question 8

general formula

Answer 8

the simplest algebraic formula for a homologous series

Question 9

displayed formula

Answer 9

shows the relative positions of atoms and the bonds between them

Question 10

structural formula

Answer 10

provides the minimum detail for the arrangement of atoms in a molecule

Question 11

skeletal formula

Answer 11

a simplified structural formula drawn by removing hydrogen atoms from alkyl chains

Question 12

unsaturated

Answer 12

organic compounds that contain at least one carbon-carbon double covalent bond and only containing hydrogen and carbon atoms

Question 13

hydrocarbons

Answer 13

compounds that contain only hydrogen atoms and carbon atoms

Question 14

Molecular formula

Answer 14

A molecular formula show the numbers and types of atoms of each element in a compound

Question 15

structural isomers

Answer 15

are compounds with the same molecular formal but different structural formulae

Question 16

stereoisomers

Answer 16

are organic compounds wit the same molecular formal and structural formula but having different arrangement of atoms in space

Question 17

Cis-trans isomerism

Answer 17

a type of E/Z isomerism in which the two substituent groups attached to both carbon atoms of the c=c bond are the same

Question 18

E/Z isomerism

Answer 18

is a type of stereoisomerism caused by the restricted rotation around the double bond - two different groups are attached to both carbon atoms of the c=c double bond

Question 19

reaction mechanisms

Answer 19

are models that show the movement of electron pairs during a reaction

Question 20

curly arrows

Answer 20

model the flow of electron pairs during reaction mechanisms

Question 21

Homolytic fission

Answer 21

happens when each bonding atom receives one electron from the bonded pair forming two radicals

Question 22

radicals

Answer 22

a species with one or more unpaired electrons

Question 23

Heterolytic fission

Answer 23

happens when one bonding atoms receives both electrons from the bonding pair

Question 24

Alkanes

Answer 24

are a homologous series of saturated hydrocarbons which only contain single bonds

Question 25

complete combustion

Answer 25

is oxidising a fuel in plentiful supply of air

Question 26

incomplete combustion

Answer 26

is oxidising a fuel in limited supply of air

Question 27

Alkenes

Answer 27

are a homologous series of unsaturated hydrocarbons

Question 28

Electrophile

Answer 28

an electrophile is an electron pair acceptor

Question 29

reaction mechanism

Answer 29

A reaction mechanisms is a model that shows movement of the electron in an organic reaction

Question 30

Monomers

Answer 30

monomers are small molecules that are used to make polymers

Question 31

Polymers

Answer 31

polymers are macromolecules that are made from small repeating units

Question 32

Repeating unit

Answer 32

A repeating unit is a specific arrangement of atoms that occurs in a structure over and over again

Question 33

Biodegradable

Answer 33

materials that are affected by the action of microorganisms and environmental conditions leading to decomposition

Question 34

Bioplastic

Answer 34

is a material made from a renewable source that is biodegradable

Question 35

Curly arrow

Answer 35

used to describe the movement of an electron pair showing either heterolytic fission or formation of a covalent bond