Basic concepts of organic chemistry

Question 1

What is a hydrocarbon?

Answer 1

Compound containing ONLY carbon and hydrogen atoms

Question 2

What does ‘saturated hydrocarbon’ mean?

Answer 2

Has single bonds ONLY

Question 3

What does ‘unsaturated hydrocarbons’ mean?

Answer 3

Has at least ONE double bond

Question 4

What is nomenclature?

Answer 4

A set of rules that outline hydrocarbon naming and formula representation

Question 5

What is a homologous series?

Answer 5

A series of organic compounds having the same functional groups but with each successive member differing by CH2

Question 6

What is the simplest homologous series?

Answer 6

Alkanes

Question 7

What is a functional group?

Answer 7

Part of a molecule largely responsible for molecules chemical properties

Question 8

Name the one carbon alkane

Answer 8

Methane CH4

Question 9

Name the two carbon alkane

Answer 9

Ethane

Question 10

Name the three carbon alkane

Answer 10

Propane

Question 11

Name the four carbon alkane

Answer 11

Butane

Question 12

Name the five carbon alkane

Answer 12

Pentane

Question 13

Name the six carbon alkane

Answer 13

Hexane

Question 14

Name the seven carbon alkane

Answer 14

Heptane

Question 15

Name the eight carbon alkane

Answer 15

Octane

Question 16

Name the nine carbon alkane

Answer 16

Nonane

Question 17

Name the ten carbon alkane

Answer 17

Decane

Question 18

What is the alkane suffix?

Answer 18

-ane

Question 19

What is the alkene suffix?

Answer 19

-ene

Question 20

What is the alcohol suffix?

Answer 20

-ol

Question 21

What is the carboxylic acid suffix?

Answer 21

-oic acid

Question 22

What is the ketone suffix?

Answer 22

-one

Question 23

What is the aldehyde suffix?

Answer 23

-al

Question 24

What is the ester suffix?

Answer 24

-ate

Question 25

What is the amine suffix?

Answer 25

-amine

Question 26

What is the fluorine prefix?

Answer 26

Fluoro-

Question 27

What is the chlorine prefix?

Answer 27

Chloro-

Question 28

What is the bromine prefix?

Answer 28

Bromo-

Question 29

What is the iodine prefix?

Answer 29

Iodo-

Question 30

What are numbers separated by (in a compound name)?

Answer 30

Commas

Question 31

What are numbers and words separated by (in a compound name)?

Answer 31

Hyphens

Question 32

What are the prefix's for repeated functional groups?

Answer 32

Di- (2), Tri- (3), Tetra- (4)

Question 33

What is an aliphatic compound?

Answer 33

Carbon atoms in a straight line or branched chain

Question 34

What is an alicyclic compound?

Answer 34

An aliphatic compound arranged in non-aromatic ring, with/without branches or side chains

Question 35

What is an aromatic compound?

Answer 35

Some/all carbons atoms found in a benzene ring

Question 36

What is a alkyne compound?

Answer 36

Contains at least ONE triple carbon-carbon bond

Question 37

What is molecular formula?

Answer 37

Shows exactly how many of each atom

Question 38

What is empirical formula?

Answer 38

Simplest whole number ratio

Question 39

What is general formula?

Answer 39

Simplest algebraic formula for a homologous series

Question 40

What is displayed formula?

Answer 40

Shows positioning of all atoms

Question 41

What is structural formula?

Answer 41

Smallest amount of detail to show arrangement

Question 42

What is skeletal formula?

Answer 42

Only shows bonds in compound and non-carbon atoms

Question 43

As the number of carbons increase, what else increases?

Answer 43

Boiling point

Question 44

What is the general formula of an alkyl group?

Answer 44

C(n)H(2n+1)

Question 45

What is structural isomerism?

Answer 45

When compounds have the same molecular formula but different structural formula

Question 46

What is a chain isomer?

Answer 46

Same molecular formula, different arrangement of carbon

Question 47

What is a position isomer?

Answer 47

Function group in a different position

Question 48

What is a functional group isomer?

Answer 48

Same molecular formula, different functional group

Question 49

What does the curly arrow describe?

Answer 49

Describes the movement of an electron pair during a reaction

Question 50

What can the curly arrow also show?

Answer 50

Can show either heterotytic fission or the formation of a covalent bond

Question 51

What is fission?

Answer 51

The breaking of a covalent bond

Question 52

What happens during homolytic fission?

Answer 52

Each bonding atom recieves one electron from the bonded pair, forming 2 radicals

Question 53

What happens during heterolytic fission?

Answer 53

One bonding atom recieves both electrons from the bonding pair which leads to a formation of a positive and negative ion

Question 54

What does a single-headed arrow represent?

Answer 54

Movement of ONE electron

Question 55

What does a double-headed arrow represent?

Answer 55

Movement of TWO electrons

Question 56

What is meant by the term 'radicals'?

Answer 56

A highly reactive, neutral species with an unpaired electron and is represented by a dot

Question 57

What are the main types of reactions?

Answer 57

Addition, Substitution, Oxidation, Reduction, Polymerisation and Elimination

Question 58

What is meant by an addition reaction?

Answer 58

The reactants combine to form a single product

Question 59

What is meant by a substitution reaction?

Answer 59

One functional group is replaced by another

Question 60

What is meant by a oxidation reaction?

Answer 60

A species LOSES at least on electron and is OXIDISED

Question 61

What is meant by a reduction reaction?

Answer 61

A species GAINS at least one electron and is REDUCED

Question 62

What is meant by a polymerisation reaction?

Answer 62

A reaction where monomers join together to form a polymer

Question 63

What is meant by an elimination reaction?

Answer 63

A small molecule is removed from a large molecule

Question 64

What is a monomer?

Answer 64

Small molecule

Question 65

What is a polymer?

Answer 65

Long repeated molecule

Question 66

How is a covalent bond formed from two radicals?

Answer 66

The radicals collide and the electrons are involved in the bond formation