Basic Concepts Of Organic Chemistry Flashcards
(29 cards)
What is a hydrocarbon
A compound containing only carbon and hydrogen
What does saturated mean
It only contains single bonds between carbon and hydrogen
What does unsaturated mean
It contains double bonds between carbon atoms
What does aliphatic mean
A chain of carbons
What does alicylic mean
A chain of carbons joined together in a rings which can ALSO BE ALIPHATIC
What does aromatic mean
It contains a benzene ring which is unsaturated
What is a functional group
The part of the organic molecule responsible for its chemical reactions
What is the homologous series
Contains the same functional group where each successive member of a homologous series differs by one carbon and 2 hydrogens
What is the moleculer formula
The actual number of atoms of each element in a compound
What is the empirical formula
The simplest whole number ratio of atoms of each element in a compound
What is the general formula
An algebraic formula that can describe any member of a homologous series
What is the displayed formula
It displays the arrangement of atoms in a molecule as well as all of the bonds
What is the structural formula
Does not show single bonds although double or triple bonds may be shown
What is the skeletal formula
Shows the bonds between carbon atoms but not the carbon atoms themselves
When do you use brackets in the structural formula
When there is a functional group- CH3CH(OH)CH3
When there is a side chain or branching- CH3CH(CH3)CH3
When else do you use brackets in the structural formula
Multiples of the same groups of atoms. For example
CH3CH2CH2CH2CH2CH3 - 4 X CH2 so CH3(CH2)4CH3
If there are multiples of the same group attached to the same carbon- (CH3)3CCL
What is the first rule for naming organic molecules
Look for the longest unbranched chain of carbon atoms which will give the stem of the name for example if it were 5 it would be pentane
What are all stems
Meth
Eth
Prop
But
Pent
Hex
Hept
Oct
Non
Dec
What are suffix examples
-Ane (Alkane)
-Ene (Alkene)
-Ol (Alcohol)
What is the second rule for naming organic molecules
1) CH3- Methyl
2) C2H5- Ethyl
3) C3H7- Propyl
These alkyl groups determine the length of side chains
What is the third rule for naming organic molecules
Number the carbons to ensure the alkyl functional groups are attached to the lowest number possible
What punctuation should you use when naming organic molecules
Use commas between numbers
Use dashes between numbers and letters
What is the fourth rule when naming organic molecules
If more than one alkyl or functional group is present number the carbon atoms with the lowest number for all groups attached. Prefixes are arranged alphabetically not numerically
What happens if there are 2 or more alkyl of the same group
Use the prefix “di” (2) “tri” (3) tetra (4)
