Basic Concepts Of Organic Chemistry Flashcards
(15 cards)
What is organic chemistry?
The chemistry of compounds derived from living systems
What does saturated and unsaturated mean?
Saturated = single bonds Unsat = more than 1 C-C bond
What is a homolygous series?
A family of compounds with similar chemical properties whose successive members differ by the addition of a CH2 group
What is a functional group?
The part of an organic molecule that is largely responsible for the molecules chemical properties
What is meant by aromatic, alicyclic and aliphatic?
Aliphatic = C atoms joined by branched/ unbranched chains Alicyclic = C atoms joined to eachother in a ring Aromatic = some/all C atoms found in a benzene ring
Whats an alkyne?
-contains at least 1 triple C-C bond
Difference between methane and methyl?
Methyl is methane CH4 but with one less H so CH3
General formula for alkanes/enes, alcs, COOH & ketones
Alkanes = CnH2n + 2 Enes = Cn H2n Alcohols = CnH2n+1 OH cooh = CnH2n 02 Ketones = CnH2nO
What are structural isomers?
-compounds with the same molecular formula but diff structural
What is homolytic fission?
When a covalent bond breaks and each 1 of the bonded atoms takes 1 of the shared pair of electrons from the bond
What is heterolytic fission?
When a covalent bond breaks and one of the bonded atoms takes both of the electrons from the bond
What are the most common uses of alkanes?
- petrol
- diesel
- gas in domestic fuel
- kerosene, used in aircraft
Effect of chain length on boiling point
- as chain length increases, molecules have a larger surface area
- so more surface contact is possible
- London forces will be greater so more energy is required to overcome the forces
Why do branched isomers have lower boiling points?
- fewer surface points of contact in branched chains
- so fewer London forces
- branches prevent molecules getting close together
Why are alkanes not very reactive?
- sigma bonds are strong
- non polar C-C as electronegativity is pola
