Basic Concepts of Organic Chemistry

Question 1

What is a Hydrocarbon

Answer 1

A molecule made of only Hydrogen and carbon atoms

Question 2

What is a saturated hydrocarbon

Answer 2

A hydrocarbon that only contains single bonds between atoms

Question 3

What is an unsaturated hydrocarbon

Answer 3

A hydrocarbon that has a double bond or triple bond or more than 1 of these in the hydrocarbon chain

Question 4

What is a homologous series

Answer 4

A group of organic molecules with similar molecular structures ( They have the same functional group )

Question 5

What is a functional group

Answer 5

The molecular part of the molecule that is responsible for the molecules chemical properties

Question 6

What is an alcohols functional group

Answer 6

-OH

Question 7

What is an Alkanes functional group

Answer 7

C-C

Question 8

What is an Alkenes functional group

Answer 8

C=C

Question 9

What is a haloalkanes functional group

Answer 9

C-(Halogen)

Question 10

What is an amines functional group

Answer 10

-NH2

Question 11

What is a carboxylic acids functional group

Answer 11

-COOH

Question 12

What is an aliphatic compound

Answer 12

When carbon atoms are chained and can be branched or unbranched

Question 13

What is an alicyclic compound

Answer 13

When carbon atoms are found in rings and can possibly be branched or unbranched

Question 14

What is an aromatic compound

Answer 14

When carbon some or all atoms are found in benzenes rings

Question 15

What is the stem for a alicyclic compound

Answer 15

Cyclo-

Question 16

What is an aldehydes functional group

Answer 16

-CHO

Question 17

What is a ketones functional group

Answer 17

-C(CO)C-

Question 18

What is the functional group of a acyl chloride

Answer 18

-COCl

Question 19

What is the functional group of an Ester

Answer 19

-COOC-

Question 20

What is a displayed formula

Answer 20

Shows the position of atoms in a molecule

Question 21

What is structural formula

Answer 21

Gives minimal detail as to the arrangement of atoms in a molecule

eg. Ethane - C2H6

Question 22

What is skeletal formula

Answer 22

Simplified organic formula shown with lines

Question 23

What is structural isomerism

Answer 23

Isomers with the same molecular formula but different displayed formula

Question 24

Name 2 bond fissions

Answer 24

Homolytic + Heterolytic

Question 25

What is Homolytic fission

Answer 25

When a covalent bond is broken and electrons are evenly split between where 1 electron is given to each atom

Question 26

What is Heterolytic fission

Answer 26

This is when 1 of the atoms takes both electrons making the atom taking the electrons negatively charged and the other positively charged

Question 27

3 Types of reactions

Answer 27

Addition, Substitution, Elimination

Question 28

What is an addition reaction

Answer 28

When 2 reactants form 1 product A molecule is added to an unsaturated molecule to break that bond

Question 29

What is a substitution reaction

Answer 29

When an atom/group replaces another atom/group on a molecule

Question 30

What is an Elimination reaction

Answer 30

When 1 reactant forms 2 products

Question 31

What is an alkyne

Answer 31

a hydrocarbon with a triple bond that forms between 2 of the carbon atoms

Question 32

What is the functional group of a nitrile

Answer 32

-CN

Question 33

What 2 isomers can be formed with C3H6O

Answer 33

Propanal and propanone

Question 34

What clear difference is there between linalool and geraniol

Answer 34

they both smell different

Question 35

What is linalool

Answer 35

an unsaturated alcohol that smells like lavenders

Question 36

What is geraniol

Answer 36

an unsaturated alcohol that smells like roses

Question 37

What re linalool and geraniol used in

Answer 37

perfume

Question 38

what is a reaction mechanism

Answer 38

shows what happens in a reaction between the reactants to see how the product is formed

Question 39

What type of arrows are used in Homolytic fission

Answer 39

fish-hook arrows