Basic Concepts on Nutrition Flashcards
(42 cards)
study of food for health of the individual, community or society
and the process through which food is used to sustain life and growth
NUTRITION
the combination of processes by which a living organism receives and utilizes materials or substances needed for the maintenance of its function and for the growth and renewal of its components
NUTRITION
any substance, organic or inorganic, when ingested or eaten
nourishes the body by: building and repairing tissues, supplying heat and
energy, and regulating bodily processes; it sustains life
FOOD
GOOD FOOD CHARACTERISITCS:
a. it is nourishing or nutritious- balanced diet; it includes the
basic food groups b. it has a satiety value- appetite is fulfilled or
satisfied
c. free from toxic agents or substances- eg. Chemicals
d. should be prepared under sanitary conditions
e. its palatability satisfies the consumer- aroma, presentation, flavor,
texture (palatable- pleasant or acceptable to the taste)
f. it offers variety and planned within the socio- economic status or
context
a chemical component needed by the body for one or more of
these functions: building and repairing tissues, supplying heat and energy,
regulating body processes
NUTRIENT
are organic catalysts that are protein in nature and are produced
by living cells. A catalyst hastens chemical reactions without itself
undergoing change.
ENZYMES
organic substances that regulate vital processes. Produced by
special cells, endocrine or ductless glands, of the body
HORMONES
condition of the body resulting from the
utilization of essential nutrients.
NUTRITIONAL STATUS OR NUTRITURE
means that the body has adequate supply
of essential nutrients that are efficiently utilized such as growth and good
health are maintained at the highest possible level.
OPTIMUM OR GOOD NUTRITION
opposite of good nutrition (mal- meaning “bad”)- a
condition of the body resulting from a lack of one or more essential nutrients
(nutritional deficiency) or it may be due to an excessive nutrient supply
MALNUTRITION
process which entails breaking down of the food
eaten & bringing the nutrients to all the body cells
NUTRITIONAL PROCESSES
THE DIGESTIVE PROCESS
- Ingestion
- Propulsion
- Mechanical Digestion
- Chemical Digestion
- Absorption
- Excretion
Simply the intake of food into the mouth chewed and
mixed with saliva, which contains enzymes that begin breaking
down the carbohydrates in the food plus some lipid digestion via
lingual lipase
ingestion
. Food leaves the mouth when the tongue and pharyngeal
muscles propel it into the esophagus(swallowing).
Propulsion
Breakdown of food into smaller pieces, it
does not change the chemical nature of the food.
Mechanical Digestion.
digestive secretions break
down complex food molecules into their chemical building blocks.
Chemical digestion
Nutrient absorption happens which begins in the
stomach but mostly facilitated into the bloodstream through the
epithelial cells that make up the mucosa in the walls of the small
intestines
Absorption.
Also known as defecation undigested materials are
removed from the body as feces from the large intestine to the
rectum
Excretion
The by-products of the Digestive process
nutrients
Categories of nutrients according to Function
a. Body- building
b. Energy- giving
c. Regulates body processes
- they form tissues or other structural components of the body (water, protein, fats, carbohydrates, minerals)
Body- building
they furnish energy (carbohydrates, fats, and
protein)
Energy- giving
What regulates body processes
vitamins and minerals
Categories of nutrients according to CHEMICAL NATURE
a. Organic Compounds-
b. Inorganic Compounds
