Basic Customs Study Guide Flashcards by Izzy Kbaugh

cursus honorum

course of honors - steps you take to make it to the highest jobs (from bottom to top - quaestor, praetor, consul)

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consul

two men - executives - elected yearly

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praetor

judges (8 elected yearly)

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quaestor

treasurers (20 elected yearly)

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aedile

in charge of roads and public games (4 elected yearly)

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censor

2 elected every five years for 18 months - in charge of taking the census and public morals

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senator

must be a praetor to enter - for life

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tribune

10 elected yearly - only plebeians can run - can veto the senate

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patricians/optimates

highest class

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equites

business class

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plebians/populares

lower class

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patron

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clien

client

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salutatio

visit of client to patron’s house

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sportula

cold food basket given to client when he is received by patron in his atrium

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deductio

patron leads clients to forum

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paterfamilias

head of family (family includes wife, children, slaves and property)

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patria potestas

power (of life and death in early times) of paterfamilias over family

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metae

turning posts

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spina

backbone around which they raced

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ova et delphines

eggs and dolphins (wood or bronze) used as lap counters

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number of laps

in a usual race - 7

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how many could be held in the circus maximus?

250,000

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factiones

racing companies

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colors of the factiones

red=russata white=albata blue=veneta green=prasina

original factiones

red, white

longest lasting factiones

blue, green

circus maximus located...

between Palatine and Aventine hills

what was dropped to start the race?

white cloth (mappa)

biga

2 horse chariot

quadriga

4 horse chariot

auriga

charioteer

curriculum

successfully completed lap

carceres

starting gates

Myrmillones

``` fought with: - helmet - oblong shield - sword FISH CREST ON HELMET Usually fought Retiarius or Thracians ```

Retiarii

lightly clad, armed with: NET AND TRIDENT Usually fought Myrmillones or Secutores

Samnites

OBLONG SHIELD & VISORED HELMET | sword

Thracians

small ROUND SHIELD & CURVED SCIMITAR

Bestiarii

HUNTERS fought wild beasts

Essedarii

RODE CHARIOTS with 2 horses

Andabata

heavily armed, but... | CAN'T SEE OUT OF VISORED HELMET

Laquearii

armed with LASSO and a curved piece of wood

Secutores

"PURSUERS" like Samnite (oblong shield, visored helmet and sword) but without neck protector

Hoplomachi

FULL-ARMED with a breast-plate and visored helmet

rudis

wooden sword given to gladiator on their retirement

lanista

gladiator trainer

editor munerum

giver of games

arena/harena

sand put down to absorb the blood from a gladiator match

venationes

hunts where Bestiarii fought wild beasts

premere pollicem

to press the thumb against the forefinger - meaning crowd wants to spare gladiators life

vertere pollicem

turning the thumb upwards or towards the chest - to signify the death stroke

when were gladiator fights brought to Rome?

264 BC

where were gladiator fights originally fought?

funerals

naumachiae

mock naval battles - they flooded the arena

apodyterium

dressing room

hypocausta

furnace

caldarium

hot bath

frigidarium

cold bath

unctorium

scraping room/massage

strigil

scraper

palaestra

exercise area

ludus

elementary school

litterator

elementary school teacher

paedagogus

slave who carried books to school

grammaticus

upper school teacher

stylus and tabula

pen and notebook

century

60 men

maniple

120 men

cohort

360 men

legion

3600 men

contubernium

6-8 men who share a tent (part of a century)

dux

general

imperator

victorius general

toga picta

worn by victorious general

tesserae

passwords

signum

standard

signifer

holder of standard

aquila

eagle-standard (of a legion)

aquilifer

holder of the eagle

vexillum

flag

pedites

infantry

equites

cavalry

gladius

sword

scutum

sheild

galea

leather helmet

cassis

metal helmet

pilum

spear

hasta

javelin

lorica

leather breastplate

caligae

boots

sarcina

soldiers cloak/blanket

pugio

dagger

tunica recta

white wedding dress

flammeum

"saffron" colored veil

sponsalia

engagement

"ub tu Gaius, ego Gaia"

what bride says at ceremony | "where you are my husband, I am"

what would a woman dedicate to the lares on the night before her wedding?

her bulla

deductio

procession of wedding party to forum

Pontifex Maximus

chief priest, elected for life | only man allowed in round temple

Vestal Virgins

``` start at age 6 learn job for 10 years work as Vestal for 10 years teach for 10 years Keep flame of Vesta burning, keep documents etc. safe, ```

auspex/augur

priest who checks sky for omens (birds/lightning)

haruspex

checks guts of animals for omens

Salii

dancing priests of Mars

Lares

household gods

Lararium

shrine for Lares

Penates

gods of cupboards

praenomen

first name

nomen

family name

cognomen

name for branch of family

agnomen

earned name

subligaculum

underwear

tunica

worn by all (like long t-shirts)

toga praetexta

worn by boys under 16 and magistrates (with a purple strip)

toga virilis/toga pura

all white - worn by men over 16

toga libera

same as virilis/pura (boys gave up tog praetexta on the Liberalia)

toga candida

worn by men running for office (bright chalk white)

toga pulla

worn by men in morning

what were men in mourning called?

sordidati

stola

womens dress

palla

womens shawl

bulla

childs good luck charm

calceus

shoe (for outdoors)

solea

sandal for indoors

petasus

broad-brimmed hat

pileus

cap of freedom

atrium

entry hallway/large meeting room

compluvium

hole in roof of atrium - allows water in

impluvium

basin that catches water

alae

wings off atrium

imagines

bust of ancestors - housed in alae

tablinum

master's office

triclinium

dining room

culina

kitchen

cubiculum

bedroom

peristylium

outdoor garden with columns

hortus

regular garden

ientaculum

breakfast

prandium

lunch

cena

dinner

secunda mensa

dessert

gustatio/promulsis/antecena

appetizer

mulsum

wine mixed with honey

commissatio

drinking party

rex bibendi

master of the drinking (he decides the games etc.)

seating

Romans reclined on their left side | there were 3 couches, each seating 3 people

Via Appia

Appian Way, from Rome to Capua early on | then extended to Brundisium, known as the queen of the roads 'regina viarum'

Via Sacra

road which ran through the forum

Mare Nostum

"our sea" - Mediterranean

basilica

law court

curia

senate house

cloaca maxima

great sewer

insulae

apartment buildings

vigiles

firemen/police